9 The Endocrine System

Pineal gland Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Thymus Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovary (female) Testis (male) Figure 9.3

The Endocrine System I. Introduction A. = control system composed of Endocrine Glands that make Hormones B. Major Organ Systems & Processes Controlled: Reproduction Growth and development body defences metabolism

C. How Hormones work Hormones are: Move in: 3. Target organs and cells Receptors 4. Result: DNA 5. Connection to Brain: Brain/Hypothalamus DNA TTARGET CELL

II. Specific Hormones **A. Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus II. Specific Hormones **A. Pituitary Gland Location: Two lobes Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary

Releasing hormones secreted into portal circulation Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Hypophyseal portal system Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Growth hormone (GH) Bones and muscles Prolactin (PRL) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Thyrotropic hormone (TH) Adrenal cortex Mammary glands Thyroid Testes or ovaries Figure 9.4

Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary 1. Growth hormone Metabolism Growth: Final body size Disorders Pituitary dwarfism Gigantism

Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary 2. Prolactin production of: **3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone **4. Oxytocin contractions of: Ejection of:

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary **5. Antidiuretic hormone Function: 6. Reproductive Stimulating Hormones stimulate reproductive organs to make sex hormones

**B. Thyroid Gland **Thyroid hormone Calcitonin 10

Hyperthyroidism Figure 9.9 11

C. **Adrenal Glands Location: Hormones: Epinephrine (adrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Deal with: 12

D. **Pancreatic Islets Location: Islets: Hormones Insulin Glucagon Other parts: 13

E. **Gonads Estrogens Progesterone Testosterone Functions: 14

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