Intro to Sub-Saharan Africa

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Presentation transcript:

Intro to Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa Nations linked due to history No real common physical features, ethnic groups, or languages

Western Africa Atlantic Coast and ‘armpit’ of Africa Major Physical Features Niger River Lake Volta Tropical climate Tropical rainforests in south, savannas in north Agriculture based economies Oil in Nigeria

Central Africa Along equator Major Physical Features: Congo River and Ubangi Congo Basin surrounded by mountains and plateaus Tropical climate with lots of rain Economy based on primary levels Farming, fishing, mining, logging Vast amounts of natural and mineral resources Oil, gold, silver, diamonds, uranium, etc

Eastern Africa Along Eastern coast and inland Major Physical Features Lake Victoria- world’s second largest freshwater lake Lake Tanganyika- longest freshwater lake in world Mount Kilimanjaro- tallest mountain in Africa Tropical climate with cooler areas in high elevation Light tropical forest to savannas with some mountains Economy based on agriculture Coffee, tea, fruit, and vegetables Some diamonds and gold

Great Rift Valley Rift Valley – a long, thin valley created by the moving apart of the continental plates, stretching over 4000 miles from Jordan in Southwest Asia to Mozambique in Southern Africa

Southern Africa and Madagascar Everything south of Democratic Republic of Congo Major Physical Features Madagascar- 4th largest island in world Kalahari Desert and Namib Desert Victoria Falls, located on Zambezi River Climate varies Most of region is temperate, deserts are hot Economy based on natural resources Minerals, copper, gold, etc

Escarpments Steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top Marks edge of the continent’s plateau in Southern Africa

Climate and Vegetation The Sahara is the largest desert in the world and stretches across northern Africa Sahel – a narrow band of dry grassland, running east to west on the southern edge of the Sahara, that is used for farming and herding Serengeti Plain – a large, grassy area that provides an ideal natural habitat for Africa’s wild animals

Impact of Geography/ Early People

Cradle of Humanity Large numbers of prehistoric remains found in Africa Olduvai Gorge Louis and Mary Leakey Discovery of fossils from 65 different hominids (humans that walk up-right) Discovery of ancient stone tools from as long as 1.2 million years ago

Early Civilizations and Migration Settled near water resources Egypt and the Nile River Bantu Started in modern day Cameroon, moved toward Congo River Split into different groups Some spread into Southern Africa for farming Some spread to Kalahari Desert for nomadic agriculture

Migration Today Physical Barriers Deserts Lack of water sources Hard for people to unite Over 3000 ethnic groups in Africa 900-1200 different languages in Africa Urbanization Cities are growing- today mostly with foreigners still coming in for resources/religious purposes People are starting to move into rural areas in order to have more land to farm/work Goes against trend occurring world-wide with people mostly moving into cities.