3rd ISOE EUROPEAN WORKSHOP on OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE MANAGEMENT AT NPPs Implementation of the European Radiation Protection Directives in the Applicant Countries by Dr. Klaus Schnuer Radiation Protection Unit L-2920 Luxembourg

Enlargement of the European Union Pre-Accession: Mandate of the EU Council to the Commission SCREENING: Presentation of national legislation by the Candidate States NEGOTIATION: Opinion of the Commission on the status of legislation COMMON POSITION EU Council submits Common Position Paper

Enlargement of the European Union Accession: All Candidate States will join the European Atomic Energy Community

The European Atomic Energy Treaty establishing The European Atomic Energy Community E U R A T O M ROME 1957

Enlargement Scope of Screening Radiation protection Aquis only (Chapter III + secondary legislation) Reactor safety and radioactive waste management (will be dealt with separately at a later stage)

Scope of Enlargement Screening evaluate the capacity for full implementation at the foreseen date of accession identification of minor and major problems request for transitional arrangements

Scope of Enlargement Screening BULGARIA CYPRUS CZECH REP. ESTONIA HUNGARY LATVIA LITHUANIA MALTA ROMANIA POLAND SLOVAK REP. (TURKEY) SLOVENIA

Basic safety standards shall be laid down Aquis Communautaire EURATOM TREATY CHAPTER III HEALTH AND SAFETY Article 30 Basic safety standards shall be laid down in the Union for the protection of the health of the workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation.

Council Directive 96/29 Euratom laying down the Basic Safety Standards of 13 May 1996 laying down the Basic Safety Standards for the Protection of the Health of Workers and the General Public against the Dangers arising from Ionizing Radiation

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 Scope all practices involving a risk from artificial or (processed) natural radiation sources work activities involving the presence of natural sources intervention situations - radiological emergencies - past practices or work activities

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features distinction between practice and intervention extension to work activities with natural radiation sources dose constraints concept of clearance and exemption

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features new dosimetric concepts lower dose limits arrangements for training protection of population in normal circumstances obligations and responsibilities

RESPONSIBILITIES Member State Government Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features RESPONSIBILITIES Member State Government Competent Authority Undertaking / Operator Qualified Expert

Directive of the Council Operational Protection of 90/641 Euratom on the Operational Protection of Outside Workers Exposed to the Risk of Ionizing Radiation during their Activities in Controlled Areas

The purpose of this Directive is to Directive on the Protection of Outside Workers of 4 December 1990 The purpose of this Directive is to supplement the Basic Safety Standards Directive thereby optimizing at Union level operational protection arrangements harmonized for all outside workers.

Directive on the Protection of Outside Workers of 4 December 1990 Each Member State shall ensure that radiation protection for outside workers is equivalent to that for permanently employed workers Outside Undertakings shall ensure by contracts with operators that radiation protection is in accordance with the provisions of the BSS Operators shall be responsible for the operational aspects of radiation protection which are directly related to the nature of the activity and the workplace Workers every worker shall be obliged to make his own contribution towards the protection

Directive of the Council 89/618 Euratom on Informing the General Public About Health Protection Measures to be Applied and Steps to be Taken in the Event of a Radiological Emergency

Information in the Event Directive on the Information of the Public Prior Information Information in the Event Information of Persons Involved in the Organization of Emergency Assistance Procedures

Directive of the Council 92/3 Euratom on the Supervision and Control of Shipments of Radioactive Waste between the Member States and Into and Out of the Community

This Directive shall apply to shipments Trans boundary Waste Shipment Directive of 3 February 1992 This Directive shall apply to shipments of radioactive waste whenever the defined quantities and concentration levels are exceeded. Specific Provisions for reshipment are set out

Imports into and exports out of the Union Trans boundary Waste Shipment Directive of 3 February 1992 Imports into and exports out of the Union The competent authorities of the country of origin shall in form the authority of the EU Member State and verso in case of Export Sealed Sources for temporarily use do not fall under the Directive Reshipment under the conditions of shipment Member States rights in relation to reprocessed fuel

Directive of the Council 97/43/Euratom on Medical Exposures

Patient Directive of 30 June 1997 The major changes New structure: purpose and scope (article 1) definitions (article 2) operational articles (articles 3-13) provisions for transposition into Member State law (articles 14-16) Scope and content have been expanded Each article is preceded by a title explaining its purpose

Enlargement Results of Screening no major problems identified all countries (except Cyprus) have already basic radiation protection legislation basic RP legislation need to be completed and upgraded in the case of Cyprus and Malta there are very few applications or installations to be monitored some transitional periods requested for one Directive

Enlargement Results of Screening Radiation protection infrastructure ( lack of radiation protection experts within the competent authorities and undertakings/installations) Problems with adoption of Directives 89/618/Euratom on the information of the public on radiological emergency and Directive 90/641/Euratom on the radiation protection of outside workers Lack of evaluation of medical exposures (exposure of patients)

Enlargement Results of Screening differences in the level of analysis by the candidate countries (crucial for the identification of problems) this results from lack of legal expertise or from wrong interpretation of EU texts. some candidate countries are more transparent than others (these countries have identified the gaps and adopted approximation programs)

Enlargement Results of Screening basic reports for each country are established Environment Chapters are closed Commission report on the bilateral meetings send to the Council Technical support for the operational implementation The Environment Chapters are nearly all closed

Enlargement of the European Union Accession: New Member States have to comply with Article 33 of the EURATOM Treaty Unique situation in the EU Member States shall communicate all legislation for the adoption of Chapter III to the Commission for approval within three months

Thank you for your attention END Thank you for your attention

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 GENERAL PRINCIPLES Justification: economic, social, and other benefit in relation to possible health detriment Optimization :All exposures shall be kept As Low As Reasonably Achievable Limitation: The sum of doses from all practices shall not exceed the dose limits. Prohibition: The deliberate addition of radioactive substances in foodstuffs, toys, gemstones, cosmetics, import/export

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features PRACTICE : Human activity that can increase exposure - from artificial source - natural radiation source where nuclides are processed for their radioactive fertile or fissile properties - except emergency exposure

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features INTERVENTION : Human activity that prevents or decreases exposure - sources not part of a practice - sources out of control - emergency situations

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features WORK ACTIVITIES : presence of natural radiation sources which leads to significant increase in the exposure of workers and members of general public air crew exposed to more than 1 mSv/year

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features DOSE CONSTRAINTS: restriction on the prospective doses to individuals for use at the planning stage in view of ALARA involvement

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features Concept of CLEARANCE: for substances or materials containing radioactivity arising from a practice subject to prior reporting authorization requirements to be released from requirements of the Directive levels to be established by national authorities

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features Concept of EXEMPTION: -total quantity of radioactivity not exceeded (Annex I) -concentration values are not exceeded (Annex I) -type approved apparatus with sealed sources -cathode ray tubes -contaminated material resulting from authorized releases with no further subject to control

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features DOSIMETRIC CONCEPTS: more consistent assessment of doses - effective dose E - operational quantities Hp, H* - internal dosimetry h (g) ing / inh

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features DOSE LIMITS Effective Dose Annual equivalent dose Eye lens Skin Extremities 100 mSv in 150 mSv 500 mSv 500 mSv 5 years 6 mSv per year 50 mSv 150 mSv 150 mSv 1 mSv per year 15 mSv 50 mSv -- -- Workers Students and Apprentices Public Workers Students, Apprentices Public

Basic Safety Standards Directive from PROTECTION OF POPULATION 13. May 1996 New Features PROTECTION OF POPULATION creation of conditions for best possible protection authorization of practices following surveys estimation of population doses inspections conduct practices in accordance with health protection principles

INSPECTION , TRAINING , INFORMATION Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features INSPECTION , TRAINING , INFORMATION system of inspection to be in place recognition of capacity of : Medical Practitioner Approved Dosimetry Service, Qualified Experts Occupational Health Service separation of production and protection exchange of information on previous doses

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features CONTROL REGIME Justification : New classes or types of practices economic, social, other benefit / health detriment Existing classes or types of practices may be reviewed -new or important evidence about efficacy or consequences

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features CONTROL REGIME Reporting : Practices which involve a risk from ionizing radiation - Radioactivity involved not exceeding exemption levels (Annex I, A2) - low concentrations (Annex I, A3) - apparatus containing sources < 1μSv/h in 10 cm - electrical equipment, cathode ray tubes - contaminated material no subject to control

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features CONTROL REGIME Authorization : operation of nuclear fuel cycle facilities medical products administration of radioactivity industrial gammagraphy accelerators medical treatment exposure

Basic Safety Standards Directive from 13. May 1996 New Features CONTROL REGIME Prohibition : deliberate addition of radioactivity - foodstuff - toys - jewelry - cosmetics import and export of such goods