Ch. 8 Types of Stress that cause Earthquakes

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 8 Types of Stress that cause Earthquakes

What does the elastic rebound theory describe. A What does the elastic rebound theory describe? A. the build-up and release of stress during an earthquake B. the fluctuations in groundwater prior to an earthquake C. the formation of mountain ranges by successive earthquakes D. the strength of an earthquake Which of the following types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph first? A. P waves B. S waves C. surface waves D. All of these waves arrive at the same time. Who developed the procedure used to measure the size of an earthquake? A. Charles Richter B. James Hutton C. Charles Darwin D. Harry Hess How many seismograph stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 or more Earthquakes that originate at depths greater than 100 km are associated with ______ plate boundaries. A. convergent B. divergent C. transform D. convergent, divergent, and transform Which of the following observations may indicate a forthcoming destructive earthquake? A. an increase in the frequency of smaller earthquakes in the region B. rapid tilting of the ground C. rapid changes in water levels in wells D. all of these

What does the elastic rebound theory describe. A What does the elastic rebound theory describe? A. the build-up and release of stress during an earthquake B. the fluctuations in groundwater prior to an earthquake C. the formation of mountain ranges by successive earthquakes D. the strength of an earthquake Which of the following types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph first? A. P waves B. S waves C. surface waves D. All of these waves arrive at the same time. Who developed the procedure used to measure the size of an earthquake? A. Charles Richter B. James Hutton C. Charles Darwin D. Harry Hess How many seismograph stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 or more Earthquakes that originate at depths greater than 100 km are associated with ______ plate boundaries. A. convergent B. divergent C. transform D. convergent, divergent, and transform Which of the following observations may indicate a forthcoming destructive earthquake? A. an increase in the frequency of smaller earthquakes in the region B. rapid tilting of the ground C. rapid changes in water levels in wells D. all of these

What is an Earthquake? Earthquake - the vibrations produced when a rock snaps and breaks under different types of stress.

The Elastic Rebound Theory Rocks will bend until they reach their Elastic Limit. Then they will break (crack) Forming a Fault

How do Earthquakes Occur? Rocks on a fault are jagged & get stuck when plates move. Stress Builds Rocks bend until they can’t & then snap back to their original position. (Elastic Rebound Theory)

Parts of a Fault

1. Normal Fault

Normal Fault Rocks/plates are pulled apart (tension stress) Tension causes the hanging wall to fall down. (Divergent Boundary)

Normal Fault

Normal Fault

Normal Fault

Reverse Fault

Reverse Fault Rocks/plates are pushed together. (compression stress) Causes the Hanging wall to move up. Earthquakes!!!! (Convergent Boundary)

Reverse Fault

Reverse Fault

Thrust fault = special Reverse Fault! Angle of fault plane is shallow.

Strike Slip Fault Rock/plates are sliding in opposite directions. (shearing stress) Movement is only horizontal. EARTHQUAKES!!! (Transform Boundary)

Strike-Slip Fault (Transform)

Strike – Slip Fault

Strike-Slip Fault (Right Lateral)

Strike Slip Fault

Oblique-Slip Fault Horizontal and Vertical Movement Caused by Tensional and Shear Stress.