1. Chapter 19 Pg. 526
Earthquakes

2. Vocabulary
Deformation- The bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust.
Stress- The total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area.
Strain- The deformation of material in response to stress.
Fault- A fracture along which crust move.

3. Movement- Pulled away from each other
Boundary- Divergent
Stress- Tension
Fault- Normal
Normal faults commonly form at divergent boundaries, where the crust is being pulled apart by tension.

4. Movement- Push together
Boundary- Convergent
Stress- Compression
Fault- Reverse
Reverse faults normally form at convergent plate boundaries, where the crust is being pushed together by compression.

5. Movement- Moves side-by-side
Boundary- Transform
Stress- Shear
Fault- Strike-Slip
Strike-slip faults normally occur along transform plate boundaries, where the crust is moving side-by-side by shear stress.

6. How and Where Earthquake Happen
Earthquakes occur when rocks under stress suddenly shift along a fault.
Vibration of Earth caused by the release of energy by the movement of the fault or plate.
Associated with movements along faults and plate boundaries

8. Vocabulary
Focus- The exact point underground where the energy is released. Where the earthquake starts.
Epicenter- The point of Earth’s surface directly above the focus.

9. Primary (P) Wave
Primary waves are a type of body wave (travel inside Earth).
Primary waves are the fastest waves and are the first to reach seismic stations.
Push-pull motion (compressional waves)
Travels through solids, liquids, & gases

10. Secondary (S) Wave
Secondary waves are a type of body wave (travel inside Earth).
Secondary waves are the 2nd fastest waves and are second to reach seismic stations.
“side-to-side” motion (sheer waves)
travels only through solids

11. Love and Rayleigh Waves
Love and Rayleigh waves are a type of surface wave (travel on Earth’s surface).
Very destructive seismic waves.
Slow moving seismic waves
Love waves are surface waves that cause rock to move side-to-side and perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
Rayleigh waves are surface waves cause the ground to move with an elliptical, rolling motion.