The Industrial Revolution – Day 2

Census The official count of a population

Turnpike Road on which tolls are collected

Canal An artificial waterway

Lock Separate compartment in which water levels rise and fall in order to raise or lower boats on a canal

Building Roadways The nation needed good inland roads for travel and to ship goods.

Building Roadways Private companies built many turnpikes, or toll roads. Tolls, or fees were paid by travelers, and helped pay the cost of building them.

Building Roadways The National Road ran from Maryland to Illinois.

Building Roadways Many new towns sprang up with the creation of the National Road.

Steamboats Robert Fulton invented a powerful steamboat called the Clermont.

Steamboats The boat made the 150-mile trip from New York City to Albany in 32 hours.

Steamboats Shipping goods and moving people became cheaper and faster.

Steamboats By 1850 some 700 steamboats were carrying cargo and passengers within the United States.

New Waterways Steamboats improved transportation, but no river linked the East and the West.

New Waterways The Erie Canal was constructed to connect the Hudson River to Lake Erie.

The Erie Canal

New Waterways Along the way they built a series of locks – separate compartments in which workers could raise or lower the water level.

New Waterways The locks worked like an escalator to raise or lower boats up and down hills.

The lock system

New Waterways By 1850, the country had more than 3,600 miles of canals.

Roads and canals in New Jersey The Morris Canal ran from Phillipsburg to Jersey City.

Roads and canals in New Jersey This connected the coal fields of Pennsylvania’s Lehigh Valley to the New York/New Jersey iron industry.

Morris Canal

Morris Canal

Roads and canals in New Jersey The Delaware and Raritan Canal ran from Bordentown to New Brunswick.

Delaware and Raritan Canal

Roads and canals in New Jersey Large amounts of coal were shipped on the canal, but it was also famous for the many different boats that traveled on it.

New Jersey Canal Map

Roads and canals in New Jersey Between 1801 and 1829, 51 new turnpike companies were chartered in New Jersey, and 550 miles of toll roadways were created.

The Locomotive The steam-powered locomotive revolutionized travel in the United States and trains began to link the nation.

Rail Maps 1830-1850

Rail Map 1860

Rail Map 1870

Rail Map 1880

Rail Map 1890

Rail Map 1950

The Locomotive The Jersey Central Line connected much of New Jersey.

Jersey Central Station

Jersey Central Advertisements

Jersey Central Route

Jersey Central – Plainfield Station

Jersey Central – Plainfield 1906

Jersey Central – Plainfield 1910

Jersey Central – Plainfield 1947

Wrap up Questions 1. What is a turnpike?

Wrap up Questions 2. What was the National Road?

Wrap up Questions 3. What is the significance of steamboats and canals?

Wrap up Questions 4. How did the invention of roads, canals, and railroads affect New Jersey?