Chapter 9-1 The Human Population

Warm-up Industrial and scientific revolution: Mostly due to increases in:

Studying Human Populations Demography: The historical size and makeup of the populations of countries to make comparisons and predictions. Economics and social structure  properties that affect population growth

Studying Human Populations Developed vs. Developing countries

Studying Human Populations Developed countries:

Studying Human Populations Developing countries:

Age structure Age structure: High growth rate = more young people than older people. Slow growth rate/no growth = even distribution of ages in the population.

Population pyramids Age structure can be graphed in a population pyramid (Double sided bar graph) Typical age structures for countries that have different rates of growth:

survivorship Survivorship: Study a group of people born at the same time and note when each member of the group dies.

survivorship

survivorship Type I: Type II:. Type III:

Fertility rates Total Fertility rate (TRF): Replacement Level Fertility Rate (RLFR):

Fertility rates in the us over time

migration Migration: immigration and emigration. Populations of many developed countries might be decreasing if not for immigration.

migration Migration between and within countries is a significant part of population change

Declining death rates Earth’s human population explosion has happened because death rates have declined more rapidly than birth rates.

Declining death rates

Life expectancy Life expectancy:

Life expectancy

The demographic transition Observed in the history of more-developed countries. Industrial development causes economic and social progress that then affects population growth rates

Stages of The demographic transition

Stages of demographic transition Stage 1 (Preindustrial) Stage 2 (Transitional)

Stages of demographic transition Stage 3 (Industrial) Postindustrial (Stage IV)

Stages of The demographic transition

Factors related to a decline in birth rate: Women and fertility Factors related to a decline in birth rate: increasing education and economic independence for women. lower death rate of Stage II is usually the result of increased levels of education. Educated women have fewer children Family planning techniques