Audio Video Production Radio Shows Then & Now Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

1st Commercial Radio Station KDKA in Pennsylvania November 2, 1920 Narrow-casting Broadcasting Henry Davis read the Presidential Election results http://www.wpi.edu/about/history/radio.html Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

The FCC Regulates Radio The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) was needed to regulate the frequencies and power of radio stations Radio stations have call signs In US, station call sign letters start with K west of the Mississippi River and with W to the east of the Mississippi River There are exceptions to this rule http://www.fcc.gov/logos Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

FCC Licensing Radio stations must have an FCC license to operate Commercial Non-commercial DJs must also have permits Restricted Radiotelephone Operator Permit http://www.fcc.gov/logos Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

AM Radio The first radio stations were AM (amplitude modulation) “the Golden Age of Radio” Characteristics of AM radio Lower audio quality Frequency range: 531–1611 kHz Longer range (especially at night) Increase of interference in large cities Clearer signals in mountain regions Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

FM Radio FM (frequency modulation) Characteristics of FM radio Higher audio quality Frequency range: 87.5–108 MHz Shorter range (based on power of radio station transmitter) Less interference in large cities Poor signal in mountain regions Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Early Radio Broadcasts First electronic mass entertainment medium Besides news and weather, radio shows are included: radio serials, quiz shows, commercially sponsored variety hours and children’s shows Can you name some memorable or pivotal radio broadcasts from this era? Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Radio vs Television With the advent of television, radio ceased to be the main form of family entertainment Radio stations settled into a select group of formats: News Talk / Sports Music Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Everybody wants to be a DJ The DJ (on air talent) is the voice of the radio station Other jobs at a station include: Station Manager Program Manager Hot Clocks, programming selections Producer Legal IDs, Station IDs, Drop-ins, PSAs Engineer Advertising & Sales Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Radio Stations Today HD Radio (digital signal embedded on the frequency of the radio station) Internet Radio Podcasts Internet only radio stations Satellite Radio Radio on Cell Phones Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Example of a Hot Clock A Hot Clock is a visual representation of all the elements needed to complete a one-hour radio show Hot Clocks vary with a radio station’s format (i.e. commercial, non-commercial, music, news, talk, etc.) and the hour of the day :00 - Legal ID 12 Drop-In Drop-In PSA Segue 1 Bronze (fading) track Gold track Power track Gold track New track Power track Comm. Break 3 Segue 2 9 3 Segue 4 Comm. Break 1 Gold track Power track Bronze (fading) track Bronze (fading) track New track Gold track Power track New track 6 Drop-In Segue 3 Drop-In :30 - Station Promo and Comm. Break 2 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Create your own Hot Clock First you need a radio station with a call sign Search the FCC FM Broadcast station database for call sign letters that are not currently in use http://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/fm-query-broadcast-station-search Determine the format Music, Talk, News, etc. Required elements for your Hot Clock: Legal ID Segues (more than one) Drop-Ins (more than one) 3 different types of information (e.g. Local News, Gold track, Phone Lines Open for Caller Feedback) Once you have an outline, use a ruler and pencil to draw lines from the center dot to the edge of the clock to block off the time for each element (IDs and drop-ins can be placed on the line itself without a block to represent them) As the Program Manager of this station, you make these decisions. Be Creative! :00 - Legal ID 12 9 3 6 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.