IMPROVING OF WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS. By JAMES KELI

Outline Introduction Network architecture Capacity Improvement of the route Challenges of the new improvement Applications

Introduction: Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) WMN is a communications network made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. Provide a dynamic connectivity over significant geographic areas Connection is spread out among wireless mesh nodes, that “talk” to each other to share the network Mesh nodes = small radio transmitter that function in the same way as a wireless router WMN consist of mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways mesh clients = laptops, cell phones mesh routers = forward traffic to and from the gateways, routing functions to support the mesh network, through multi- hop communication mesh cloud = coverage area of radio nodes working as a single network

Introduction: Mesh networking Type of networking where each node must not only capture and disseminate its own data, but also serve as a relay for other sensor nodes, that is, it must collaborate to propagate the data in the network routing: = message propagates along a path by hopping from node to node until the destination is reached → must allow continuous connections around broken and blocked paths by self-healing algorithm

Network Architecture Sustains the signal strength by breaking long distances into series of shorter hops → intermediate nodes not only boost the signal, but cooperatively make forwarding decisions; perform routing As long as a node is connected to at least one other node, it will have full connectivity to the entire network because each mesh node forwards packets to other nodes in the network required Automatically determination of the best route through the network, dynamically reconfiguration if a link becomes unusable

Network Architecture: WMN groups A. The client Wireless Mesh Network A: peer-to-peer networks among devices. client nodes constitute the network to perform routing, configuration and end-user applications. → packet destined to a node hops through multiple nodes B. Infrastructure of WMN B: mesh routers forming a infrastructure for clients that connect to them. mesh routers form a mesh of self-configuring, self-healing. gateway functions allow the mesh router to connect to the internet. C. The Hybrid of WMN C: merging of client meshing and infrastructure. mesh clients can access the network through mesh routers as well as directly meshing with other mesh clients.

Capacity Affected by many factors: network architecture network topology traffic pattern network node density numbers of channels used for each node transmission power level node mobility Wireless links work better when there is a clear line of sight between the communicating stations → permanent wireless infrastructure mesh system deployed over large areas can use the forwarding capabilities to go around physical obstacles (packets will forwarded through intermediate nodes)

Analysis of the capacity Stationary mutli-hop network optimum transmission power level of a node is reached when the node has 6 neighboring nodes → optimum tradeoff is achieved between the number of hops from source to destination and the chanel spatial-reuse efficiency Improvement of ad hoc networks a node should only communicate with nearby nodes → throughput capacity can be increased by deploying relaying nodes, therefore they need to be grouped in clusters → limitations: very large number of nodes are needed in order to increase the throughput, increase costs and difficult management

Analysis of the capacity Hybrid architecture considered to improve ad hoc networks → nodes only communicate with nearby nodes, if they need to communicate with other nodes many hops away they relay packets via wired networks → limitations: wired connections between base stations do not exist in many ad hoc networks Improvement of node mobility when a node needs to send packets to another node, it will not send until the destination node is close to the source → limitations: large transmission delay In general those studies have not been fully captured the network protocols → power control mechanism have not been considered

Improvement

Challenges and possible solutions Management- new routing protocol Costs Health – radiation isn't necessarily dangerous. It depends on strength, type and lengths of exposure. Soil, underground gases, sun and outer space(natural causes). Our inventions.

Applications Wireless Backhaul forms a wireless backhaul while implementing the MESH network in areas that are not convenient to wire. e.g. temporary and short-termed working areas Backup Network for non-interrupted operation environment – mesh networks to build up backup networks; when a breakpoint happens to the physical lines, the wireless network will take over

Applications Developing countries can be used in countries that do not have a large area of wired infrastructure; solar powered nodes can be connected to internet connection, which could keep a whole village online Warehouse ensure connectivity; keep track of stock and shipping logistics Education converting the entire campus to wireless mesh networks; discards the need to bury cables

conclusion Wireless mesh networks(WMN) has become a key technology for next generation wireless networking. Wireless mesh networks are undergoing rapid progress and inspiring numerous applications because of their advantages over networks like DSL .However, many technical issues still exist in this field. In general, there are many unmentioned applications of wireless mesh networks which in turn extrapolate the importance and advantages that this new technology has to offer to the ever changing world.

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