Addressing Resource Efficiency and Climate Change An Japanese Approach Kentaro Tamura Leader, Climate and Energy Area Chika Aoki-Suzuki Task Manager, Promotion of 3R Policy and Implementation, Sustainable Consumption and Production Area

Outline Domestic Context International Context

Fundamental plan for establishing sound material cycle society Implementation plan of Basic Act for Establishing Sound Material Cycle Society (2001) To promote the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycling) Waste prevention and resource circulation towards resource use and associated environmental impact towards resource efficient society reviewed and revised every 5 years; current one is third plan (2013) Structure of Japanese 3Rs’ Policies Basic Act for establishing sound material cycle society Fundamental plan for establishing sound material cycle society Wastes Disposal and Public Cleansing Act　(Waste treatment, sanitation) Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources　(approach to production, DfE) Packaging recycle (2000) Home appliance recycle (2001) Food waste recycle (2001) Demolition waste recycle (2002) Automobile Recycle (2005) Small home appliance recycle (2013) Green purchasing Law (2001)

Linking low-carbon with with nature and resource-efficiency Under Fundamental plan for establishing sound material cycle society. (3Rs strategies in Japan) One of major national programmes is “Integrated programme to establish low-carbon society, society in harmony with nature and resource-efficient society” Developing heat recovery facilities such as waste power generation facilities to utilise residual waste that still remains after the 3Rs efforts; so that we can further reduce green house effect gas emission from the waste sector. Promoting recycling of biomass resources to use as raw fuels or for heat recovery such as waste generation

GHGs emission from waste sector in Japan (million t CO2) Reducing GHGs emission from waste sector Monitoring under the 3Rs policy: Fundamental Plan for establishing Sound Material Cycle Society 37.1 million t CO2 in 2013, 18% reduction compared to 2000 CO2 emission by waste use as raw materials/fuels and Incineration GHGs emission from waste sector in Japan (million t CO2) Others (N2O) Others (CH4) Others (CO2) Waste as raw materials/fuels(N2O) Waste as raw materials/fuels(CH4) Waste as raw materials/fuels(CO2) Incineration (N2O) Incineration (CH4) Incineration(CO2) Waste water treatment (N2O) Waste water treatment (CH4) Landfill (CH4) Source: Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2016) 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 (fiscal year)

GHGs reduction by waste utilization in Japan (million t CO2) Increasing GHGs reduction by utilizing waste as raw materials and fuels Monitoring under the 3Rs Policy* 18.6 million t CO2 has reduced in 2012, 2.2 times larger than 2000 Fuel use of wood chips & waste oil (industrial waste), Electricity generation by MSW GHGs reduction by waste utilization in Japan (million t CO2) Industrial waste electricity generation Blast furnace reducing agent (waste plastic (industrial waste) ) Synthetic gas utilization (waste plastic (MSW)) Raw material production for coke oven(waste plastic (MSW)) Blast furnace reducing agent(waste plastic (MSW)) Oil production(waste plastic (MSW)) Production and use of RPF Manufacture and use of RDF Fuel use of waste plastic (industrial waste) Fuel usage of waste tires Fuel use of wood chips (industrial waste) Fuel use of waste oil (industrial waste) Electricity generation by recovered gas at landfill site Utilization of sewage sludge digested gas Heat supply by residual heat of the cleaning plant Electricity generation by MSW Total (excluding industrial waste electricity generation) Source: Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2016) *Fundamental Plan for establishing Sound Material Cycle Society 2000 2005 2010 (fiscal year)

International Context

Basic Concept of Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)

JCM Partner Countries

A Waste to Energy Project under JCM Yangon City, Myanmar Approximately 1,600 tonnes per day of waste, which is currently buried in landfill The planned waste to energy plant (to be operational in 2017) Capacity of 60 tonnes per day Generate approximately 700 kW of electrical power. Supplement Myanmar’s current inadequate supply of electric power Reduce CO2 emissions by about 2,400 t-CO2/year Image © JFE Engineering

Way Forward Contributing to the Achievement of Japan’ NDC (nationally determined contrition) Reduction in solid waste amount Reduction in incineration of solid waste Promotion of waste generation Promotion of biomass use The first JCM project of waste generation in Myanmar Possibility in application to other countries