Use of Geospatial Tools During Census Enumeration Tšiu Litšiba Bureau of Statistics Lesotho United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 – 23 March 2017

Outline Background Objectives of census cartography Use of Imagery Base Map GIS tools currently in use GIS Workflow Management System Used Production of enumeration maps using Geomedia SmartClient for Census (GMSC) Spatial visualization of census data Challenges faced during census mapping operations United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Background The Bureau of Statistics (BOS) is under formation in the Ministry of Development Planning, Government of Lesotho. The cartography unit within the BOS was set up in 1986 with the aim of fulfilling the following objectives; to facilitate enumeration without omission or duplication to provide a frame for a sample surveys . In preparation for 2006 population and housing census BOS introduced GIS for census mapping that allowed automation of cartographic processes. With GIS in place, there was greater flexibility in handling, processing and producing enumeration maps products. Furthermore the application of GIS in census improved analysis and dissemination of census results. The base for the 2016 population and housing census cartographic mapping was the geospatial datasets prepared during the 2006 census. In undertaking census mapping for 2016, improvements were made in census mapping methodology compared to 2006; in terms of GIS and other geospatial technologies application. United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Census Cartography Objectives The overall goal of census cartography is to provide updated digital geospatial database for enumeration areas that can be used as a basis for; census planning process (Pre-Enumeration Phase), census data collection (Enumeration Phase), and dissemination of census data/results, and development of sampling frames for surveys (Post-Enumeration Phase). Specific objectives are: Re-delineate enumeration areas (EAs) into manageable size in terms of households’ population to be enumerated during the census period. Ensure that EA maps easily guide the enumerators on the households that they should cover during the census period. Provide the basis to estimate resources required at each administrative level e.g. personnel, materials and transport. Effectively monitor the census enumeration process. Improve analysis and dissemination of census results. United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Use of Imagery base maps During the 2006 census, a mapping innovation was introduced with the use of digitized enumeration maps translated from satellite imagery (SPOT 5) 2.5m resolution covering all the whole country was acquired. As part of the preparation for the 2016 Census, BOS acquired 50cm resolution digital aerial photography (DAP) as base map which permitted an accurate identification and count of dwellings, and measurement of urbanized land areas (settlement size). The visual nature of this information greatly increased the accuracy and coverage of census operations and helped to resolve census undercount problems, particularly in rural areas where settlements are remotely scattered, hard to reach and hard to find. United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Ecological Zones Zone Area Population Lowlands 20.1 57.8 Foothills 13.8 11.8 Mountains 53.2 20.9 Senqu River Valley 12.9 9.5 United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

GIS Tools Currently in Use Geomedia Professional Geomedia SmartClient for Census ArcGIS for Desktop Standard (ArcEditor) ArcGIS for Desktop Advanced (ArcInfo) A3 Printers A0 Plotters A0 Paper Cutter Trimble Yuma 2 Rugged Computer Tablets United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Geomedia SmartClient for Census is a web-based client-server software solution that enables different “users” to log into the system in order to execute the tasks allocated to them. Each user can only execute the tasks applicable to his/her role and within the “Production Unit(s)” assigned to him/her at a given moment in time. Users and their roles are created in SmartClient based on the task breakdown of the census mapping methodology. It has online and offline functionality. This implies that certain users can execute certain tasks online and other tasks offline. This is important for fieldwork where Internet access is often not guaranteed. It allowed creation of management reports and summaries about fieldwork progress. United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Roles of Office Supervisor Users and Their Roles Users were created in SmartClient based on the task breakdown of the census mapping methodology adopted. In the case of the census mapping methodology we adopted there were only for users, namely; Office Supervisor (OS) Fieldwork Team Leader (FWTL) Fieldwork Tablet Operator (FWTO) Office Data Capturer (ODC) Roles of Office Supervisor Allocate PU(s) to FWTLs Accept completed PUs from FWTLs Create progress reports from the system to be used for the day-to-day management of the project as well as for the creation of project status reports for BOS management. United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Sample of Trimble Yuma 2 Rugged Tablet Computer Used United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Points of Interest Attribute Form Constituency name   Location Urban EA# Peri-Urban Rural POI ID POI Name Description Ownership Starting point EA Boundary Other Govt Religious Facility Private   United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Points of Interest Attribute Form Class Sub-Class Dwelling Unit Headmen/Traditional Leader/Chief’s House Cattle Post Accommo-dation Facility Bed & Breakfast Caravan Park\Camp Site Guest House Hotel Lodge Motel Residential/Institutional Lodge Other Hostel Mission Hostel/Convent/Monastery/Religious Retreat Police Barracks Military Barracks Youth Hostel Boarding School Mine Hostel Students Residence Health Facility Hospital Clinic Other Educational Facility (excluding Hostel) Early Childhood Development (ECD) Primary School Secondary School Combined School University College Polytechnic Technical College Public Structure Police Station Border Post Post Office Correctional Facility Other United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

SmartClient for Census Step by Step Process United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Automated Census Maps Production United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

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Sample of Enumeration Area Map United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Benefits of Using GPS Computer Tablets for Fieldwork Mapping Automated field updating digital datasets Speed-up field mapping Improve completeness. i.e. there was no room for missing data, since all relevant attributes had to be completed on the GPS Computer tablet. Therefore, any inconsistencies were corrected on the spot. Increases the accuracy of GIS database Improved consistency. Real time tracking of field data collection by directly transmitting collected data to central system. This allowed monitoring and evaluation of field mapping implementation progress and outputs achieved; Better control and management of the project; United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Spatial Visualization of Census Data United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Challenges Faced During Census Mapping Operations Funding Delay in the delivery of tendered GIS equipment. Requisition submitted to the procurement office took more than anticipated time before the required items can be delivered. Dedicated internet connection for the successfulness of field mobile mapping solution. GPS computer tablet-PC data synchronization was not always smooth United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017

Thank You! United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 -23 March 2017