Definitions Energy demand Energy supply Secondary energy Energy poverty Energy security

Securing Energy By the end of this lesson you will: Be aware of the move to increasingly challenging sources of fossil fuel energy. Have an understanding of the issues involved in exploiting Canadian Tar Sands. Understand some of the increasing economic, social, environmental and geo-political issues involved in securing future energy supplies. Develop your evaluative/argumentative essay skills.

A2 Geography ENERGY SECURITY IN THE USA/CALIFORNIA CASE STUDY Energy Security How is this a global problem? What are the causes of the energy crisis? USA Key PLAYERS: ACTIONS: What action has the US government taken to address the energy crisis? Renewables? Shale gas? USA ENERGY FUTURE: How could energy security be improved in California and the USA?

China A2 Geography ENERGY SECURITY IN CHINA CASE STUDY Energy Security How is this a global problem? What are the causes of China’s energy insecurity? China Key PLAYERS: ACTIONS: What action has China taken to address its energy security problems? USA ENERGY FUTURE: How could energy security be improved in China?

Looking for More Energy Renewable energy? Costs still too high to compete. Capacity not enough in the short term. More political alliances? Iran and China. Russia and EU/China. USA and Saudi Arabia. Central Asia and EU. Global Energy Futures? Energy Crisis? Shortages. Widespread energy poverty. Conflict? Expansion of oil extraction in areas previously too expensive to mine? Canadian tar sands/oil shales. Fracking for Shale Oil/Gas. Arctic oil beneath the melting ice. Deep water oil off Australia/Brazil.

‘To what extent is the world’s energy secure?’ You have 25 minutes for a 15-mark A2 Question ‘To what extent’ = assess Evaluate what’s most important Energy security: ‘domestic energy’ v. other factors USA & China Domestic energy Imported energy Demand Politics/environmental concerns

Politics (inc. environmentalism) Imported energy Demand Agree Agree Disagree Disagree Disagree Disagree Agree Agree Politics (inc. environmentalism) Domestic energy

Securing Energy: Canadian Tar Sands By the end of this lesson you will: Be aware of the move to increasingly challenging sources of fossil fuel energy. Have an understanding of the issues involved in exploiting Canadian Tar Sands. Understand some of the increasing economic, social, environmental and geo-political issues involved in securing future energy supplies. Develop your evaluative/argumentative essay skills.

The Location of Tar Sands in Canada

Key Facts Oil fields = size of England. Huge potential to North American energy security Reduce imports. Very water and energy intensive Oil price >$60 a barrel needed to be cost effective. Produces low-grade bitumen, processed into synthetic oil; 3 barrels of water for every barrel of oil, energy intensive Production = 3x CO2 than conventional oil production By 2020, oil sands will release twice the amount of CO2 produced currently by all vehicles in Canada Canada = high & growing emissions despite increasing efficiency.

Canadian Tar Sands: Our Energy Future? On your table stakeholder group card & info. Email has useful links. Research and create a poster Group identity General views on expansion/development of Canadian Tar Sands. Choose a role from the card and represent that viewpoint on the poster Come to a conclusion: for/against Canadian Tar Sands You will then briefly present your view – all group members must contribute.

Class Discussion: Do Canada’s Tar Sands and Oil Shales offer a realistic energy future for both Canada and the rest of the world? Reflect your assigned stakeholders viewpoints in your contributions and use evidence in support.

But you know, junkies find veins in their toes.” “For every barrel of oil they extract there, they have to use enough natural gas to heat a family’s home for four days. And they have to tear up four tons of landscape, all for one barrel of oil. It is truly nuts. But you know, junkies find veins in their toes.” – Al Gore, Rolling Stone, June 28, 2006

Quick-fire Questions Why are Canadian tar sands and oil shales suddenly being mined for oil when we have left them unused for years? Modern technology allows them to be mined and this wasn’t possible until very recently. Because rising oil prices globally have made their extraction commercially viable. The Canadian government did not allow the areas to be mined until the year 2000.

Quick-fire Questions 2. How high does the price of oil need to be to make tar sands oil extraction viable? $60 a barrel $90 a barrel. $10 a barrel.

Quick-fire Questions 3. Why is the USA so keen on Canadian oil despite all of the issues and challenges we discussed? It provides very high quality oil to meet USA needs. Because it increases energy security in the USA avoiding dependency on imports from the middle east. Because it is more environmentally friendly to use this oil than to import oil from the middle east.

In for first lesson back! Independent Study In for first lesson back! Create a Study Report about fracking Base around three questions: To what extent is the world's energy 'secure' at present? What are the potential impacts of an increasingly 'energy insecure' world? What might the world’s energy future be? Players, Actions, Futures: who is doing what, and what will they do? Consider: USA, UK, China…plus countries that have banned it e.g. France, Bulgaria BAWDY Books, Articles, Weblinks, Documentaries, YouTube

Independent Study Fracking: Players: Actions: Futures: What is it? Why is it so controversial? What are the positives (S/E/E/P)? What are the negatives (S/E/E/P)? How does it impact energy security? Players: Who is involved & in what roles? E.g. countries, companies, consumers etc. Actions: What is happening in fracking countries? Why? What is happening in non-fracking countries? Why? Futures: Does fracking have a future in the world? If so, where? What are the potential future problems around fracking?