1. Energy Pathways By the end of this lesson you will: Be able to define energy pathways and have a good idea of where these are. Considered the impacts of disruption to energy pathways. Be aware of some of the challenges faced in searching for new energy sources.

2. Definitions! What is the definition of: Give examples to support each point: –Energy Security? –Energy Insecurity? –Primary Energy? –Secondary Energy? –Energy Demand? –Energy Poverty?

3. ESSAY MARKING: Using the provided guidance, mark your own essay out of 15. Make sure you annotate it and add comments on how to improve at the end. To what extent is it true that the growth of energy demand in India and China is responsible for growing energy insecurity in the UK?’ (15 marks)

4. http://europe.theoildrum.com/node/2790

5. What does this show? Which fuels are increasing? Decreasing? Is this good or bad for the UK?

6. In 1965 (when BP records begin) 98% of UK primary energy was derived from burning fossil fuels for transportation and power generation purposes. By 2006, the proportion of fossil fuels in the energy mix had fallen marginally to 92% - largely due to an increase in nuclear energy. Energy mix has changed significantly. In 1965, no natural gas was used. But with the discovery and development of gas in the North Sea, the proportion of gas in the UK energy mix has increased steadily since 1968 largely at the expense of coal. In 1965, the UK population was 54,350,000 and this had grown to 60,245,000 by 2005 This equates to 3.6 tonnes oil equivalent per person per annum in 1965 and 3.8 tonnes oil equivalent per person per annum in 2005. Each person in the UK uses on average 10 kgs of oil equivalent energy every day. The main message of this post is that it is in the vital national interest that this profligate level of energy consumption (and waste) is substantially reduced.

7. UK Energy Futures? Oil and Gas both have inherent security risks: –Oil: volatile prices ($150-$50 in last year), increasing BRIC demand, instability in producers. –Gas: Pipelines vulnerable, dependence on Russia (30% of EU gas), price rises. Solutions being considered include: –More renewable energy (wind/wave/hydro/tidal) –Increased nuclear power –Increased energy efficiency –Increased biofuel use. –Return to coal? http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/06/electricity_calc/html/1.stm

8. UK Energy futures? http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/climate/solutions/re newable-energyhttp://www.greenpeace.org.uk/climate/solutions/re newable-energy http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/sep/ 17/renewableenergy.fossilfuelshttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/sep/ 17/renewableenergy.fossilfuels http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/indu stry_sectors/natural_resources/article4805507.e ce coal and fossil fuels essential to UK securityhttp://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/indu stry_sectors/natural_resources/article4805507.e ce http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7179579.st m new nuclear powerhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7179579.st m http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/6681113.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6655043.stm

9. Discussion points: So we have seen people object to wind power, nuclear power and coal power. We have also seen a number of interest groups concerned by the potential increase in fuel bill prices to pay for change…. So where should we get our energy from? What are the priorities? What are the impacts if we do end up in total energy poverty? Which is preferable: Energy poverty or Environmental degradation? TASK: Ask your parents their views on a 10% price rise for gas/electricity to fund renewable power and increase energy security

10. Energy Pathways The flow of energy from producer to consumer is known as an energy pathway. This can be an oil/gas pipeline, oil tanker sea routes or electricity power lines. Exports of fossil fuel energy from the Middle East, Africa and the former Soviet Union are rising in line with imports in Asia, Europe and North America. This has led to increasing reliance on pathways.

11. TASKS: 1.Use the provided map to complete the tasks. Use the spaces on the back of the sheet. 2.Use page 17 to create a summary spider diagram to show the key risks of disruption to global energy flows. 3.Create a spider diagram of the issues surrounding looking for more energy through oil-shales and oil-sands using pages 18-19 in the textbook.

12. Increasingly, we rely on overland Russian gas imports, for between 20-80% of gas supply; 50% across the whole EU. This is likely to rise as North Sea gas declines. See the Economist articles in your pack for further details Russia has already turned off Ukraine’s gas, during a dispute in 2005-6 This joint Russia / Germany pipeline is designed to bypass Ukraine and guarantee EU supply. Critics say it just increase Russia’s ‘turn off’ options. GAZPROM, the huge Russian gas company is beginning to buy into EU supplier and infrastructure Increasingly GAZPROM’s gas is from Turkmenistan and elsewhere in Central Asia. Politically unstable?

13. Independent Study Independent Study is VITAL at A2 level. Complete the tasks on the sheet. Look out for energy stories in the news and do some INDEPENDENT STUDY on the internet. Follow the research links in the weekly email to begin to find out about the key players in global energy including OPEC and oil companies. YOU WILL NEED THIS NEXT LESSON. UPDATE YOUR GLOSSARY SHEET – test next lesson! HAND IN ANY REMAINING ARTICLES NOW – LAST CHANCE.