Evaluation of the Eye

Anatomy review Eye contained in bony orbit Protects and stabilizes eye Provides attachment sites for muscles

Anatomy review Eye structures Globe Sclera Pupil Iris Conjunctiva Ciliary body Lens Retina Rods and cones Optic nerve

Anatomy review Muscles surrounding the eye rotate the eye

history Location and description of symptoms Photophobia-intolerance to light Scratchiness/”something in eye”-foreign body Itching-edema of conjunctiva Disruption of vision MOI Blunt force trauma Chemicals Foreign substances Prior visual assessment

inspection Periorbital area Discoloration Gross deformity Eyebrows Globe General appearance Eyelids Cornea Conjunctiva Sclera Iris Pupil shape and size

palpation Orbital margin Frontal, nasal, zygomatic bones Eyelid, skin around eye

Special tests-functional Vision assessment Snellen eye chart Pupillary reaction to light PEARL Eye motility

Special tests-neurological Numbness tingling Cranial nerve assessment-instruction to be provided when we discuss the head

Special tests-specific Fluorescein strips Corneal abrasions

Specific eye injuries Corneal laceration Visible deformity, irregularly shaped pupil Iritis “red eye” Detached retina Flashes of light, halos, or blind spots in vision “curtain” or shape being pulled over vision Ruptured globe Black spots on sclera Complete or partial loss of vision Hyphema Pupil tear drop in shape

Specific eye injuries Conjunctivitis Viral or bacterial infection Eyelids stick together Burning or itching Red swollen discharge Foreign bodies Debris Penetrating objects