Review Session 2

What is a mineral? 1. Naturally occurring- not man made 2. Inorganic- not from living things 3. Chemical composition – definite formula 4. Crystalline form- a unique crystal shape. 5. Solid- cooled to form solid structure

Properties we TEST Streak: color of a minerals powder rub a mineral across an unglazed tile streak may be different color than mineral mineral color may vary but streak will not non-metallic minerals usually have a colorless or white streak metallic minerals will have a dark streak

Mineral:  Pyroxene   Hematite   Limonite   Magnetite   Amphibole  Streak color:   Colorless   Brick red   Yellow brown   Black 

Properties we TEST Hardness: resistance to scratching Mohs Scale of Hardness: assigns a numeric value of 1 to 10. Diamond is the hardest mineral = 10 Talc is the softest mineral = 1 * The hardest common mineral is quartz at about a 7!

Properties we TEST Cleavage: the tendency to split along smooth flat surfaces (cleavage planes) Cleavage planes- parallel surfaces Example: a cube has 3 cleavage planes

Properties we TEST Fracture: mineral breaks other than at cleavage planes may be rough and jagged may be conchoidal

There are THREE Major Types of Rocks Igneous: Rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of lava Sedimentary: Rocks formed by the deposition and compaction of layers of sediment Metamorphic: Rocks formed by intense heat and pressure changing them from previously existing rocks into something else

How are igneous rocks formed? Key Concept #1 How are igneous rocks formed? the melting and solidification of magma

form on the surface (small crystals) Form on the EXterior Intrusive Extrusive form on the surface (small crystals) Form on the EXterior form below the surface (large crystals) Form on the INside

Features of Sedimentary Rocks

Stratification Arrangement in visible layers When any change occurs where layers are forming, new layers will form on top If sand is deposited on clay a layer of sandstone will form on a layer of shale

Fossilization Animals and plants die, then get buried Soft parts decay, but hard parts remain as fossils Fossils can be remains, impressions, or any other evidence of plants or animals preserved in rock Shells are most often found in sandstone and limestone Usually shells dissolve but other minerals too their place in that shape

The Rock Cycle Diagram on Page 6 ONE BIG CIRCLE. Words with rectangles = types of rock Words with ovals = states of rock Arrows = Actions taken to change/make rocks.