Chapter Menu Lesson 1: Determining Position Lesson 2: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Lesson 3: Graphing Motion Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.

1.1 Determining Position reference point vector displacement

Position and Reference Points 1.1 Determining Position Position and Reference Points Position is defined relative to a reference point and reference directions.

Position and Reference Points (cont.) 1.1 Determining Position Position and Reference Points (cont.) Three things must be included: A reference point, or starting point used to describe the position of another object A reference direction that describes which way to move in relation to the reference object A distance from the reference point

Position and Reference Points (cont.) 1.1 Determining Position Position and Reference Points (cont.) The flagpole can be used as a reference point for finding the bicycle.

Describing the Reference Direction 1.1 Determining Position Describing the Reference Direction A plus sign (+) indicates movement in the direction of the reference point. A minus sign (–) indicates movement in the direction opposite of the reference point. The description of an object’s motion also depends on the reference point chosen.

1.1 Determining Position Position as a Vector A vector is a quantity in which two things must be specified: Distance from the reference point Direction from the reference point

Positions in Two Dimensions 1.1 Determining Position Positions in Two Dimensions Objects that do not move in straight lines require two reference directions. A car traveling from San Diego to Sacramento doesn’t move in a straight line.

Showing Positions with Two Directions 1.1 Determining Position Showing Positions with Two Directions In this map of a city, the art museum is located 360m west and 90m south of the bus station.

1.1 Determining Position Changing Position The change in an object’s position is called its displacement. Displacement is the difference between a starting point and a finishing point. Displacement includes a size and a direction. Displacement is a vector.

Changing Position (cont.) 1.1 Determining Position Changing Position (cont.) Direction of displacement is the direction from starting point to end point. Size of displacement is the distance from the starting point to the ending point.

Distance and Displacement 1.1 Determining Position Distance and Displacement

Displacement is a(n) ____ because it has both size and direction. 1.1 Determining Position Displacement is a(n) ____ because it has both size and direction. A speed B velocity C vector D acceleration A B C D Lesson 1 Review

Position is defined relative to ____. A a reference point and a vector 1.1 Determining Position Position is defined relative to ____. A a reference point and a vector B displacement and reference directions C a vector and reference directions D a reference point and reference directions A B C D Lesson 1 Review

Which of the following statements is true? 1.1 Determining Position Which of the following statements is true? A Displacement and distance traveled are always the same. B Displacement and distance traveled are never the same. C Distance traveled is the direction of the of the displacement vector. D Displacement and distance traveled are the same if the direction does not change. A B C D Lesson 1 Review

End of Lesson 1

1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration constant speed instantaneous speed average speed velocity acceleration

1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Speed, velocity, and acceleration describe how an object’s position and motion change through time.

Speed (cont.) Rates measure change in something over a length of time. 1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Speed (cont.) Rates measure change in something over a length of time. Speed is the rate of change of distance over time.

1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Constant Speed An object moving at constant speed travels the same distance each second. This hurdler is moving at a constant speed of 5m/second.

1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Changing Speed A car driving in town must slow down and speed up, therefore its speed is not constant.

1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Changing Speed (cont.) The car’s speed at any given time is called its instantaneous speed. An object moving at a constant speed has the same instantaneous speed at all times.

1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Average Speed Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time. If you know any 2 of the variables, you can calculate the missing variable. What is the relationship between distance, average speed, and time?

Velocity Velocity is the speed and direction of a moving object. 1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Velocity Velocity is the speed and direction of a moving object. Speed is the rate of change of distance with time.

1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Velocity (cont.) Velocity is a vector because it has both direction and size. The size of a velocity vector is the speed.

1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes with time. Acceleration

1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Acceleration (cont.) The horses on the carousel are constantly accelerating and changing direction, so they are constantly changing velocity even though their speed remains constant.

Acceleration is the rate of change of ____. A velocity B speed C time 1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change of ____. A velocity B speed C time D direction A B C D Lesson 2 Review

A car stopping at a red light is and example of a(n) ____. 1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration A car stopping at a red light is and example of a(n) ____. A displacement B acceleration C direction D velocity A B C D Lesson 2 Review

1.2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration It takes a runner 42.1 s to run a distance of 150 m. What is the runner’s average speed? A 0.28 m/s B 3.56 m/s C 1.75 m/s D 6.31 m/s A B C D Lesson 2 Review

End of Lesson 2

1.3 Graphing Motion slope rise run

Graphs Graphs can show how objects change position or speed. 1.3 Graphing Motion Graphs Graphs can show how objects change position or speed.

1.3 Graphing Motion Position-Time Graphs Graphs often show how something changes with time. This graph shows how temperature changes with time in Santa Barbara, California.

Making a Position-Time Graph 1.3 Graphing Motion Making a Position-Time Graph This table shows how far a turtle has moved after an amount of time.

Making a Position-Time Graph (cont.) 1.3 Graphing Motion Making a Position-Time Graph (cont.) Plotting the time on the x-axis and plotting the distance the turtle has moved on the y-axis creates the graph. You can draw a line through the points and use it to estimate the turtle’s position at a given time.

Units on Position-Time Graphs 1.3 Graphing Motion Units on Position-Time Graphs Each number has units associated with it. Position has units of length like cm, m, or km. Seconds, minutes, and days are units of time.

Slope of a Position-Time Graph 1.3 Graphing Motion Slope of a Position-Time Graph The steepness of a line on a graph is called the slope. The steeper the slope, the faster the object is traveling.

Slope of a Position-Time Graph (cont.) 1.3 Graphing Motion Slope of a Position-Time Graph (cont.) On a position-time graph, a steeper line means a greater average speed.

Calculating Slope from a Position-Time Graph 1.3 Graphing Motion Calculating Slope from a Position-Time Graph To find the slope of a line, the origin and another point are used to calculate the rise and the run.

Calculating Slope from a Position-Time Graph (cont.) 1.3 Graphing Motion Calculating Slope from a Position-Time Graph (cont.) rise run slope = Rise is the change in vertical direction. Run is the change in horizontal direction.

Slope and Average Speed 1.3 Graphing Motion Slope and Average Speed Average speed is the total distance divided by the total time elapse to travel that distance. Rise is equal to the distance traveled. Run is equal to the time elapsed needed to travel that distance. Average speed is equal to the slope of the line on a position-time graph.

Position-Time Graphs for Changing Speed 1.3 Graphing Motion Position-Time Graphs for Changing Speed Only objects with a constant speed will have position-time graphs with a straight line.

Position-Time Graphs for Changing Speed (cont.) 1.3 Graphing Motion Position-Time Graphs for Changing Speed (cont.) To find the average speed of the entire trip, use the starting and ending points.

Position-Time Graphs for Changing Speed (cont.) 1.3 Graphing Motion Position-Time Graphs for Changing Speed (cont.) Then calculate the slope of the line that would connect those points.

1.3 Graphing Motion Speed-Time Graphs Graphing instantaneous speed of an object shows how the speed of an object changes with time. Constant speed on a speed-time graph is a horizontal line because the speed does not change.

Speed-Time Graphs (cont.) 1.3 Graphing Motion Speed-Time Graphs (cont.) If an object speeds up, the plotted line slants up towards the right.

Speed-Time Graphs (cont.) 1.3 Graphing Motion Speed-Time Graphs (cont.) If an object slows down, the plotted line slants down towards the right.

Speed-Time Graphs (cont.) 1.3 Graphing Motion Speed-Time Graphs (cont.)

Position-Time and Speed-Time Graphs 1.3 Graphing Motion Position-Time and Speed-Time Graphs

Position-Time and Speed-Time Graphs (cont.) 1.3 Graphing Motion Position-Time and Speed-Time Graphs (cont.)

The horizontal change on a graph is also called the ____. A rise 1.3 Graphing Motion The horizontal change on a graph is also called the ____. A rise B elevation C run D distance A B C D Lesson 3 Review

The steepness of a line on a graph is called the ____. A slope B hill 1.3 Graphing Motion The steepness of a line on a graph is called the ____. A slope B hill C rise D run A B C D Lesson 3 Review

1.3 Graphing Motion If the rise is equal to 75 m and the run is equal to 2.5 m, then what is the slope? A 187.5 m B 12 m C 30 m D 0.03 cm A B C D Lesson 3 Review

End of Lesson 3

Chapter Resources Menu Chapter Assessment California Standards Practice Concepts in Motion Image Bank Science Online Interactive Table Virtual Lab BrainPOP Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

A runner traveling at 5 m/s will cover what distance in 3 min? A 900 m B 90 m C 9 m D none of the above A B C D Chapter Assessment 1

If a car travels 10 km in 5 min, stops for 2 min, and then travels 4 km in 3 min, what is the average speed of the car? A 14 km/h B 14 km/min C 1.4 km/min D 1.4 km/h A B C D Chapter Assessment 2

Cars on an oval race track are accelerating because ____. A they are changing direction B their displacement is zero C all of the above D none of the above A B C D Chapter Assessment 3

If an object increases its speed, then it is ____. A changing velocity B changing direction C changing the reference direction D none of the above A B C D Chapter Assessment 4

Describe a position-time graph of an object moving at 10 km/h. A upward slant to the right B horizontal line C upward slant to the left D none of the above A B C D Chapter Assessment 5

What must you have to determine a position? A acceleration SCI 1.a What must you have to determine a position? A acceleration B velocity and speed C reference point and origin D reference point and reference direction A B C D CA Standards Practice 1

SCI 1.b Which of the following is the rate of change in distance divided by time? A vector B displacement C instantaneous speed D average speed A B C D CA Standards Practice 2

SCI 1.c If a car travels 45 km in half an hour, what is the average speed of the car? A 45 km/h B 45 km/min C 90 km/h D 90 m/s A B C D CA Standards Practice 3

Velocity has both ____ and ____. A size; magnitude B size; speed SCI 1.d Velocity has both ____ and ____. A size; magnitude B size; speed C speed; direction D direction; origin A B C D CA Standards Practice 4

What occurs when an object accelerates? A It speeds up. SCI 1.e What occurs when an object accelerates? A It speeds up. B It slows down. C It changes direction. D all of the above A B C D CA Standards Practice 5

Concepts in Motion 1

Image Bank

Image Bank

Interactive Table

Interactive Table

End of Resources