1. Motion

2. Describing Motion distance and time are important in describing motion
a reference point is needed to determine the position of an object
motion occurs when an object changes its position relative to its reference point

3. Distance Distance describes how far an object has moved
The SI unit of length or distance is the meter (m).
longer distances (kilometers – km)
shorter distances (centimeters – cm)

4. Displacement
displacement is the distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point

5. Distance vs. Displacement
If I walk to the left 5 m and then to the right 4 m… What is my distance? What is my displacement?

6. Distance vs. Displacement
If Ms. Furman walks 10 m to the left and then 10 m to the right… What is distance? What is his displacement?

7. Displacement vs. Distance
In relation to your reference point (starting point):
Displacement: Where you are
Distance: How far you have traveled
Where you are vs. How far you have traveled

8. Speed
Speed is the distance an object travels per unit of time.

9. Constant Speed
If you are traveling at a constant speed, you can measure your speed over any distance interval.
Usually speed is not constant.

10. Average Speed
Average speed describes speed of motion when speed is changing.
Average speed
the total distance traveled divided by the total time of travel

11. Instantaneous Speed
A speedometer shows how fast a car is going at one point in time or at one instant.
this is instantaneous speed
Instantaneous speed
the speed at a given point in time

12. Instantaneous Speed
when something is speeding up or slowing down, its instantaneous speed is changing
if an object is moving with constant speed, the instantaneous speed doesn't change

13. Distance vs. Time
The motion of an object over a period of time can be shown on a distance-time graph.
On a distance-time graph, the distance is plotted on the vertical axis and the time on the horizontal axis.

14. Velocity speed describes only how fast something is moving
to determine direction you need to know the velocity
Velocity
includes the speed of an object and the direction of its motion

15. Velocity
The speed of this car might be constant, but its velocity is not constant because the direction of motion is always changing.

16. Velocity velocity can change even if the speed doesn’t
V = change in distance
change in time
V = (m/s)

17. Problems
d = 10 m
v =
t = 2 s

18. Problems
d =
v = 30 m/s
t = 3.5 s

19. Word Problems
It took you took 8.5 h to drive 560 km. What was your velocity?

20. Acceleration Acceleration
the rate of change of velocity.
When the velocity of an object changes, the object is accelerating.
change in velocity  change in speed or direction
Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speed, its direction, or both.

21. Acceleration
Objects that speed up and slow down experience acceleration.
Acceleration also has direction, just as velocity does.

22. Speeding Up and Slowing Down
If the acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity, the speed increases and the acceleration is positive.

23. Speeding Up and Slowing Down
If the speed decreases, the acceleration is in the opposite direction from the velocity, and the acceleration is negative.

24. Changing Direction change in velocity
change in speed
change in direction
any time a moving object changes direction, its velocity changes and it is accelerating

25. Changing Direction
The speed of the horses in this carousel is constant, but the horses are accelerating because their direction is changing constantly.

26. Calculating Acceleration
Change in velocity
V = Vf- Vi
Equation
a = Vf- Vi t
Where Units
a = acceleration m/s/s or m/s2
v= velocity
t = time

27. Calculating Acceleration
change in velocity is the same as the change in speed when direction of motion is constant moving in a straight line

28. Positive and Negative Acceleration
Positive Acceleration = speeding up
Negative Acceleration = slowing down
(also known as deceleration)

29. Positive Acceleration

30. Negative Acceleration

31. Motion and Forces force some forces are not as noticeable as others
is a push or pull.
some forces are not as noticeable as others

32. Balanced Forces Changing Motion
a force can cause the motion of an object to change
Balanced Forces
force does not always change velocity
when two or more forces act on an object at the same time, the forces combine to form the net force

33. Balanced Forces

34. Unbalanced Forces
Forces are unbalanced when there are unequal forces in opposite directions, a net force occurs in the direction of the larger force.
They are considered to be unbalanced forces.

35. Unbalanced Forces
Forces are combined, or added together, if they are exerted on an object in the same direction.