The Constitutional Convention REPRESENTATION was the key issue!!!!

New Jersey Plan --each state has equal representation --have a unicameral legislature Why do you think NJ proposed this idea?

Representation based on population! Virginia Plan Representation based on population!

The Great Compromise Created a bicameral legislature, 2 parts.. The House of Reps-reps based on population The Senate-Equal Representation

3/5 Compromise 3/5 of slaves counted towards population slave interests were not considered Was necessary to get the southern states to approve the Constitution.

Federalists supported a strong central government Federalist Papers were written to convince people to OK the Constitution Federalist Papers were a collection of essays published in the NY Press between 1787-88 Hamilton, Madison, Jay

Anti-Federalists --against the Constitution --wanted a stronger state government --believed that the President is to closely related to a king --favored individual rights

Bill of Rights The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution Limited the power of the Federal Government Gave people specific rights Written to appease the Anti-Federalists

The Constitution vs. The Articles of Confederation The Constitution corrected a few weaknesses of the Articles The Federal Gov’t could now collect taxes The Federal Gov’t could now regulate commerce There was now a President There was mow a court system

Constitution vs. Articles The only thing that they had in common was a legislative branch; that is the only thing that the articles had…..get it….the gov’t was weak under the Articles, strong with the Constitution!!!!!!

Constitutional Principles Separation of Powers Federalism Flexibility Necessary and Proper or Elastic Clause Judicial Review The Amendment Process The “Unwritten” Constitution

Separation of Powers This involves the Executive, Legislative & Judicial Branches. Executive-The President Legislative-Congress-House & Senate Judicial-The Supreme Court

Separation of Powers Aka-Checks and Balances Anytime that you see two or three branches of the Federal Gov’t in a question, they are referring to sep of powers Ex-Senate rejects the nomination of Smith to the Supreme Court

Federalism Division of power between the Federal or National & the state governments Concurrent Powers-powers that are shared between the federal & state govt’s

The Elastic Clause Necessary & Proper The Louisiana Purchase is a classic example

Bonds

Flexibility The Elastic Clause The Amendment Process Judicial Interpretation

Judicial Review Chief Justice John Marshall Marbury v Madison

Judicial Review The Supreme Court determines if laws are constitutional This is the role of the court; it is what they do!!!!!!

The Unwritten Constitution These are things that are not written in the Constitution Ex-Political Parties The Cabinet-Presidential advisors Implied Powers

The President Commander in chief-refers to something military like Diplomat-negotiates treaties

The Electoral College Criticisms “Winner take all method” Winner of the popular vote doesn’t always win

John Marshall The man of the Supreme Court Chief Justice 1801-1835 His decisions strengthened the Federal Gov’t at the expense of the states

The Marshall Court Strengthened the Federal Gov’t Marbury v Madison-Judicial Review McCulloch v Maryland-said that the Federal Gov’t was supreme Gibbons v Ogden-gave the Federal Gov’t the power to regulate interstate trade

George Washington Proclamation of Neutrality-Washington warned that the U.S. should stay out of foreign affairs. This will be our foreign policy from 1789-1900 The Cabinet-Presidential Advisors Two Term Limit-A tradition, later an amendment

Alexander Hamilton Financial Plan-took the 13 state debts and made one national debt Created the National Bank Whiskey Tax Tariff to protect American Industry Favored a strong Fed Gov’t

Strict vs. Loose Construction Strict Construction-believed in following the Constitution to the letter; if its not in the Constitution than you can’t do it: Jefferson Loose Construction-believed that the Federal Gov’t should do what ever was necessary and proper-favored a strong Gov’t-Hamilton

The First Political Parties Federalists-Hamilton, strong gov’t Democratic-Republicans; Jefferson

The War of 1812 The 2nd War for Independence U.S. vs. Britain

Monroe Doctrine Warned Europe to stay out of the western hemisphere, Latin America, the Caribbean; in turn the U.S would stay out of Europe