Pronouns Mrs.Azzah

Part 1 Mrs.Azzah

Subject Object Possessive adjective Possessive pronoun Reflexive pronoun I Me My---- Mine Myself You Your---- Yours Yourself He Him His---- His Himself She Her Her---- Hers Herself It Its---- -/its Itself We Us Our---- Ours Ourselves Yourselves They Them Their---- Theirs themselves

Uses of subject pronouns and object /indirect object pronouns Mrs.Azzah

We went to disco last night . It is I Subject pronouns are used as the subject of the verb. In informal English , they are also occasionally used following be. I like fishing. We went to disco last night . It is I Mrs.Azzah

This is more common when a relative clause follows . It was she who decided to go. It’s they who are to blame. In informal English , the object pronoun is used after be. It’s me. It was him. Mrs.Azzah

Object pronouns are used as the direct object of the verb. We saw them. He invited us. Mrs.Azzah

The indirect object pronoun(with to or for) is used as the indirect object of the verb but when there is both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, to and for are more usual. I bought it for you. I gave it to him. Mrs.Azzah

Object pronouns are also used after prepositions. She goes out with him. The prize was won by them. Mrs.Azzah

Uses of possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns Mrs.Azzah

Their friend. their friends. Possessive adjectives do not change according to the thing possessed , but according to the possessor. My sister. My sisters. His book. His books. Their friend. their friends. Mrs.Azzah

Possessive pronouns are used to replace possessive adjective + noun. This is my car . Where is yours?(your car) His family is bigger than mine.(my family) Is this his house ? No , it’s ours.(our house) Mrs.Azzah

Use of reflexive pronouns When the subject and object of the verb are the same. I have hurt myself. Please help yourself. Mrs.Azzah

They were speaking to themselves. They were speaking to each other. There is a difference between the meaning of reflexive pronouns and each other. They were speaking to themselves. They were speaking to each other. Mrs.Azzah

I spoke to the queen herself. To emphasize a noun I spoke to the queen herself. Mrs.Azzah

Are you busy? Then I’ll have to do it myself. To emphasize that it is one person and not another who performs an action Are you busy? Then I’ll have to do it myself. Can’t you repair it for me? No , repair it yourself. Mrs.Azzah

Some common uses : Enjoy yourself. Behaves yourself. Are you by yourself tonight ? (alone) Mrs.Azzah

Part 2 Mrs.Azzah

One , you In formal English ,one is used as an impersonal pronoun. One can never earn enough these days. In informal English , you is used instead of one. You have to relax now and then. You cant survive without an umbrella in London. Mrs.Azzah

Relative pronouns Mrs.Azzah

Defining relative clauses Mrs.Azzah

Dogs which bark all night should be shot. A defining relative clause is one which is essential to the meaning of the sentence . Dogs which bark all night should be shot. If the defining clause is removed, the meaning of the sentence changes : Dogs should be shot. Note: no commas are used .who, which , that may be used. Mrs.Azzah

Non-defining relative clauses Mrs.Azzah

My grandmother, who is fit and well , is nearly 85. A non defining relative clause is one which is not essential to the meaning of the sentence , but which provides more information . My grandmother, who is fit and well , is nearly 85. Note; commas are used . Who and which may be used, but not that . Mrs.Azzah

Who , which ,that Who and that are used for people . Which and that are used for things and animals. Mrs.Azzah

Use and omission of Who , Which ,That , in defining relative clauses. Mrs.Azzah

When the relative pronoun refers to the subject,who,which and that are used: That’s the man who/that lives next door. The book which /that won the prize was by Edna O’Brien. Cats which /that have no ears have usually been in a fight. Mrs.Azzah

The man(who/that) you saw just now is my uncle. When the relative pronoun refers to the object, they can be ,and often are omitted. The man(who/that) you saw just now is my uncle. The cake (which /that) you made was very nice . The dog (which/that) you brought home yesterday has bitten the postman. Mrs.Azzah

Possessive relative pronouns, whose ,of which Mrs.Azzah

Whose is used for people . Whose /of which is used for things and animals. That’s the man whose title /the title of which I’ve forgotten. Mrs.Azzah

whom In formal English whom is used as the relative pronoun for people when referring to object. The man whom I met was a Government Minister. In informal English , either who is used or ,more usually , the relative pronoun is omitted. Mrs.Azzah

Prepositions in relative clauses Got to the end of the clause. The girl (who/that)I went out with is over there. The man (who/that) I told you about came again last night. The place (which /that) we went to isn’t far from here. Mrs.Azzah

Demonstrative and other pronouns Mrs.Azzah

This ,That ,these, those As well as being used as demonstrative adjectives( this , that , these, those) may also stand alone as pronouns. I like these paintings. i don’t , I prefer those . Did you see this? Look at this . Mrs.Azzah

One, ones One , ones are used to avoid repeating a noun already established in the conversation. Did you see that car ?which one? The one that just gone past. One ,ones are also used with adjectives and with this , that , these, those. I like the blue ones best. Haven’t you got a smaller one? I’ll take this one. These ones are better. Mrs.Azzah

some, any, none Some , any , none can be used instead of a noun: I need drawing pins. Have you got some /any? Can you lend me some /any money? I’m sorry .I've got none left. (I haven’t got any left) Mrs.Azzah