1. RELATIVE CLAUSES

2. RELATIVE CLAUSES I’ve got a friend. He collects stamps
I’ve got a friend who collects stamps
RELATIVE CLAUSE

3. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
WHO
“The woman who lives next door is Peter’s sister.”
WHICH
The briefcase which is on the sofa is mine
THAT
Do you know the man that is talking to Edward?
The magazine that you lent me is very interesting
PEOPLE
THINGS
PEOPLE OR THINGS

4. This is the woman whose son lives next to me WHERE
They’ve closed down the shop where I used to work
WHEN
I’ll never forget the day when I met you
POSSESSION
PLACE
TIME

9. RELATIVE PRONOUNS IN DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

10. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES - USE
Defining relative clauses are used to join two sentences together. They give essential information about people or things.
He's the man who I that introduced us.
I found a fantastic club where we can have our party.
That was the day when I that I decided to change my career.
Where is the key which I that opens this door?
Is he the man whose car was stolen‘?

11. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES - FORM
The relative clause always comes after the noun it refers to.
The relative pronouns who, which and that can be omitted when they are followed by a noun or a pronoun.
These are the shirts (which/ that) I bought.
They can’t be omitted when they act as the subject of the relative clause.
This is the tennis player who/that won the match.

12. Examples I’d never sack a player who was playing well.
Baseball is a sport which I used to enjoy playing.
There are some players whose names are famous in China.
Greece is the country where the Olympics started.
These days people wear sports clothes which are light and comfortable.
It’s often the smaller teams which go bankrupt.
Stamford Bridge is the ground where Chelsea football Club play.
The Olympics started at a time when there was no TV.

14. Defining & Non-defining
Relative Clauses

15. An optician is a person who tests your eyes.
(defining ”identify”)
I've just met Jack Briggs, who is a businessman.
(non-defining ”give extra information”)

16. I went to see the doctor who a friend of mine had recommended to me.
(defining ”identify”)
I went to see the doctor, who told me to rest for a few days.
(non-defining ”give extra information”)

17. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (“identify”)
"The woman who is wearing shorts is my wife“
"She's the best secretary that has ever worked here“
"The man she married had a red beard“
"The road we wanted to take was blocked"

18. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

19. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (“give additional information”)
"Mr Jenkins, who has written several books, spoke at the meeting last night”
"Their favourite drink was whisky, which is Britain's biggest export”
"There were some sandwiches, which they ate quickly”
"Laura Peters, whom I introduced to you last month, is a famous painter"

20. Non-defining relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses give additional information about a sentence, but the sentence can still be complete without it.
CHARACTERISTICS:
commas
“that” is never used
no omission

25. Defining or non-defining?
My daughter who works in New York is getting married soon.
My daughter, who works in New York, is getting married soon.

27. OMISSION
OF THE
RELATIVE PRONOUN

28. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES)
That is the man who helped me
That is the man who I saw yesterday
SUBJECT
VERB
MAIN CLAUSE
RELATIVE CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
OBJECT
SUBJECT
VERB
RELATIVE CLAUSE

29. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES)
That is the man who I saw yesterday
MAIN CLAUSE
OBJECT
SUBJECT
VERB
RELATIVE CLAUSE

30. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES)
That is the man I saw yesterday
MAIN CLAUSE
SUBJECT
VERB
RELATIVE CLAUSE

31. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES)
That is the man I saw yesterday

32. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES)
That is the man who helped me
That is the man I saw yesterday
SUBJECT
VERB
MAIN CLAUSE
RELATIVE CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
SUBJECT
VERB
RELATIVE CLAUSE

33. examples The car which he bought last week cost him $10,000
Freddy Mercury was a famous pop star who died of AIDS
The flowers which you picked yesterday are beautiful
The man who was sitting next to me is a famous writer
The party which they organised was splendid

37. JOINING
CLAUSES
TOGETHER

38. Helen is the student. She pays the most attention

39. Helen is the student. She pays the most attention

40. Helen is the student. She pays the most attention

41. Helen is the student. She pays the most attention
Helen is the student who pays the most attention

43. You bought the moped. I really like it

44. You bought the moped. I really like it

45. You bought the moped. I really like it

46. You bought the moped. I really like it
You bought the moped which I really like

48. I love the old house. I grew up there

49. I love the old house. I grew up there

50. I love the old house. I grew up there

51. I love the old house. I grew up there I love the old house I grew up

52. I love the old house. I grew up there
I love the old house where I grew up