Where in the World Wednesday What is this? Where is it located? Which culture created it? When was it created? When was it “discovered”?

Where in the World Wednesday Machu Picchu Peru in the Andes Mts Incas circa 1450 Discovered in 1911 by an American professor searching for the Lost Incan City

Influences of Latin America Many different cultures influence the Latin American region These cultures combined with the early civilizations that were settled around Central and South America Early Pre-Columbian cultures are the Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs

Today’s Assignment Divide your paper into three columns Label one Maya, one Aztec, and one Inca Read through the notes provided. Summarize each slide for the different civilizations. Once your notes are completed, complete the assignment on the last slide of the handout on the back of your notes sheet. If you have any spare time work on your map.

The Mayans Yucatan Peninsula, between A.D. 300 and 900. Central America and southern Mexico. The Yucatan Peninsula

Mayans- Politics City-states Governed by a hereditary ruling class. Built around temples and their specific gods Governed by a hereditary ruling class. States warred with one another Believed rulers descended from gods Captured nobles and war leaders were used for human sacrifice.

Mayans- Religion Believed life is in the hands of divine powers Appeased gods through human sacrifice Itzamna was the supreme god Gods were either good or evil He was good

Mayan Glyphs sky king house child city Mayan Mathematics

Mayan- Social Social classes Gender roles Rulers, nobles, scribes Artisans, officials, merchants Peasant farmers (majority) Gender roles Women- homemaking & raising kids Men- fighting & hunting Built many advanced temples and pyramids Developed a complex calendar Rulers said to have been descendents of gods

End of the Mayan civilization Mystery invasion? internal revolt? natural disaster (volcano)? overuse of the land?

The Aztecs Twelfth century A.D., the Aztec began a long migration to the Valley of Mexico. Capital at Tenochtitlan on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco

Aztec: Political semi-independent territories governed by local lords tribute- goods or money paid by conquered peoples to their conquerors

Aztec- Social monarch - lords & government officials, commoners, indentured workers, slaves men and women have different roles from birth women- house, can own property, & enter contracts, & become priestess men- warriors The midwife said to a newborn boy, “You must understand that your home is not here where you have been born, for you are a warrior.” She said to the newborn girl, “As the heart stays in the body, so you must stay in the house.”

Aztec- Religion According to legend, the Aztec believed that a sign would come from the god of war and of the sun, Huitzilopochtli, telling them where to settle. Struggle between good and evil Practiced human sacrifice to put off the end of time In 1325 they were driven into the swamps and islands of Lake Texcoco, where they saw an eagle standing on a cactus growing out of a rock, the sign that had been foretold. They built a magnificent city of temples, other public buildings, and roadways linking the islands and mainland. They also consolidated their rule over much of what is modern Mexico.

Quetzalcoatl The feathered serpent. According to Aztec tradition, this being left his homeland and vowed to return in triumph. Return would be preceded by a sign of arrow through a sapling

Aztec Writing Aztec Math

The End Montezuma Hernan Cortes Quetzalcoatl confusion disease gunpowder

The Incas South America Modern day Peru Centered on Chilean Mountains

Inca- Political Pachacuti Warfare Largest city- Machu Picchu Founder of the Incas Warfare Largest city- Machu Picchu

Inca- Economics roads irrigation agriculture peanuts potatoes cotton

Inca- Religion Polytheistic Sun God- chief diety Belief in afterlife evident by mummification

Inca- Accomplishments Gender roles women - raise children & weave cloth Men- work and provide for family could choose to marry anyone in your social class Architecture Quipu Writing system using a system of knotted strings Theater Poetry, music, tragic & comic works

The End 1531 Francisco Pizarro Spanish explorer Brought steel weapons, gunpowder, horses, & small pox

Early History Ancient Civilizations were mostly conquered by the Europeans during the Age of Exploration.

Age of Exploration 1400-1600 God, Gold, Glory Spanish and Portuguese explorers started settling around Latin America Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation: Pope gave everything East of the Atlantic to Portugal, everything West of Atlantic to Spain Gave Brazil to Portugal

European Influence New government systems developed Spread of Christianity throughout the region Goods and services now cost money…no longer based on bartering/trading Diffusion of products and people Changing of the landscape- land now used for economic reason and less for survival