Sectional Conflict Intensifies Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies

Chapter 10 Outline Section 1: Slavery and Western Expansion a. Impact of the Mexican War b. The Search for Compromise Section 2: Mounting Violence a. Uncle Tom’s Cabin b. The Fugitive Slave Act c. The Transcontinental Railroad d. The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Chapter 10 Outline Section 3: The Crisis Deepens: a. Birth of the Republican Party b. The Election of 1856 c. Sectional Divisions Grow d. Lincoln and Douglass e. John Browns Raid Section 4: The Union Dissolves a. The Election of 1860 b. Compromise Fails c. Civil War Begins

Slavery and Western Expansion Chapter 10 Section 1

Impact of the Mexican War Wilmot Proviso: David Wilmot- Penn. Congressman -No slavery in new territories -Outraged Southerners David Wilmot

Impact of the Mexican War Popular Sovereignty: Lewis Cass- proposes popular sovereignty. Each territory decides whether to have slavery or not. Lewis Cass

Impact of the Mexican War Free Soil Party: Conscience Whigs- Anti Slavery. Cotton Whigs- Linked to cotton industry. Conscience Whigs leave the Whig Party and merge with the other groups. They form the Free Soil Party.

Impact on the Mexican War The Election of 1848: Free Soil Party- Martin Van Buren Democrats- Lewis Cass Whigs- Zachary Taylor Taylor Elected. Zachary Taylor

The Search for Compromise The “Forty-Niners:” -Gold was discovered in 1848 -By the end of 1849 80,000 prospectors had arrived -Nicknamed the “49ers” -California applied for Statehood as a free state -Upset the Balance of Power

The Search for Compromise The Great Debate Begins: -Henry Clay proposes a compromise for the remaining territories. -Calhoun responds with a warning. Daniel Webster- national unity. -Compromise of 1850 is reached.

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Mounting Violence Chapter 10 Section 2

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe- Changed the Northern perception of Slavery Southerners tried to have it banned Considered one of the causes of the Civil War Harriet Beecher Stowe

Fugitive Slave Act The Acts Effects: -Fueled Northern resentment -Caused Northern resistance to grow The main outlet of resistance was The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad Route to free slaves from the South Included Harriet Tubman, a runaway slave Conductors and slaves had songs with codes.

The Transcontinental Railroad Connected the East and West Coasts Gadsden Purchase- US gave Mx. $10 million for southern NM and AZ Stephen Douglass -Kansas-Nebraska Act-organize the territory west of Missouri and Iowa

The Kansas-Nebraska Act -Douglass proposed repealing the Missouri Compromise and making Nebraska Free and Kansas a slave state. Passed in 1854 and caused Kansas to have a civil war called “Bleeding Kansas” -over 200 people died half pro-slavery/half anti-slavery -By May, 1856, Kansas had two governments.

The Caning of Charles Sumner Charles Sumner- MA Senator accused SC Senator Butler of “choosing a mistress… the harlot, slavery.” SC House Rep. Preston Brooks (Butler’s cousin) caned Sumner on the floor of the senate in response. -Southerners cheered -Northerners outraged

The Crisis Deepens Chapter 10 Section 3

Birth of the Republican Party Republicans Organize: The Kansas- Nebraska Act Splits the Whigs Members of the Whig, Democratic, and Free Soil parties combined to form The Republican Party Abraham Lincoln

The Election of 1856 Candidates: -John C. Fremont-Republican -James Buchanan-Democrat -Millard Fillmore-American (independent) -Buchanan is elected because he campaigns on saving the Union. John C. Fremont James Buchanan Millard Fillmore

Sectional Divisions Grow Dred Scott -Slave who was brought into free territory to live -Sued for his freedom, lost -The case intensified sectional conflict

Lincoln and Douglass Illinois Senate Race Abraham Lincoln- “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” 6’4” - believed slavery to be morally wrong, but not an abolitionist. Stephen A. Douglas- “The Little Giant.” 5’4” -Douglas’s “Freeport Doctrine”- keep slavery out by refusing to pass the laws needed to enforce it Abraham Lincoln Stephen A. Douglas

John Browns Raid John Brown- Abolitionist - led an insurrection at Harpers Ferry Federal Arsenal in Virginia. -The Plan-Free and arm the slaves and the slaves would rise up and kill all the slave holders. Col. Robert E. Lee puts down the rebellion. John Brown was captured, tried and executed by hanging.

The Union Dissolves Chapter 10 Section 4

The Election of 1860 Lincoln- Republican - anti-slavery, higher tariffs Douglass- Northern Democrats Breckinridge- Southern Bell- Constitutional Union Party -Lincoln is elected-South Carolina secedes Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglass John Bell John C. Breckinridge

Bonnie Blue Secession Flag Compromise Fails A last attempt at peace: -The Lower South (SC,AL,FL,GA,LA,TX,MS) seceded by Feb. 1, 1861. Crittenden’s Compromise is proposed. Guarantee slavery where it already existed and reinstate the Missouri Compromise line to the CA border. -It fails and The Civil War begins. Bonnie Blue Secession Flag

Flag of the Confederate States of America Compromise Fails Founding the Confederacy: -First capital -Montgomery, AL. Eventually moved to Richmond, Va. -Confederate States of America. (Confederacy) Confederate Constitution- 1-each state independent 2- slavery where it existed 3- no protective tariffs Jefferson Davis - First President. General Robert E. Lee Commands the Confederate Army. Flag of the Confederate States of America

The Civil War Begins Fort Sumter Falls: Upper South secedes: Lincoln tries to re-supply Davis attacks the fort Civil War Begins on April 12, 1861 Maj. Robert Anderson surrenders Fort Sumter Upper South secedes: June 1861- Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina secede

The Civil War Begins Hanging on to the Border States: Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri are on the fence -Lincoln send troops into Baltimore- makes Maryland safe -Kentucky stays neutral, eventually joins Union -Missouri stays in the Union