1. Sectional Conflict Intensifies
Chapter 10
Sectional Conflict Intensifies

2. Chapter 10 Outline Section 1: Slavery and Western Expansion
a. Impact of the Mexican War
b. The Search for Compromise
Section 2: Mounting Violence
a. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
b. The Fugitive Slave Act
c. The Transcontinental Railroad
d. The Kansas-Nebraska Act

3. Chapter 10 Outline Section 3: The Crisis Deepens:
a. Birth of the Republican Party
b. The Election of 1856
c. Sectional Divisions Grow
d. Lincoln and Douglass
e. John Browns Raid
Section 4: The Union Dissolves
a. The Election of 1860
b. Compromise Fails
c. Civil War Begins

4. Slavery and Western Expansion
Chapter 10 Section 1

5. Impact of the Mexican War
Wilmot Proviso:
David Wilmot- Penn. Congressman
-No slavery in new territories
-Outraged Southerners
David Wilmot

6. Impact of the Mexican War
Popular Sovereignty:
Lewis Cass-
proposes popular
sovereignty.
Each territory decides
whether to have slavery
or not.
Lewis Cass

7. Impact of the Mexican War
Free Soil Party:
Conscience Whigs- Anti Slavery.
Cotton Whigs- Linked to cotton industry.
Conscience Whigs leave the Whig Party
and merge with the other groups.
They form the Free Soil Party.

8. Impact on the Mexican War
The Election of 1848:
Free Soil Party- Martin Van Buren
Democrats- Lewis Cass
Whigs- Zachary Taylor
Taylor Elected.
Zachary Taylor

9. The Search for Compromise
The “Forty-Niners:”
-Gold was discovered in 1848
-By the end of ,000 prospectors had arrived
-Nicknamed the “49ers”
-California applied for Statehood as a free state
-Upset the Balance of Power

10. The Search for Compromise
The Great Debate Begins:
-Henry Clay proposes a compromise for the remaining territories.
-Calhoun responds with a warning.
Daniel Webster- national unity.
-Compromise of 1850 is reached.

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12. Mounting Violence
Chapter 10 Section 2

13. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe-
Changed the Northern perception of Slavery
Southerners tried to have it banned
Considered one of the causes of the Civil War
Harriet Beecher Stowe

14. Fugitive Slave Act The Acts Effects: -Fueled Northern resentment
-Caused Northern resistance to grow
The main outlet of resistance was The Underground Railroad

15. The Underground Railroad
Route to free slaves from the South Included Harriet Tubman, a runaway slave Conductors and slaves had songs with codes.

16. The Transcontinental Railroad
Connected the East and West Coasts Gadsden Purchase- US gave Mx. $10 million for southern NM and AZ Stephen Douglass -Kansas-Nebraska Act-organize the territory west of Missouri and Iowa

17. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
-Douglass proposed repealing the Missouri Compromise and making Nebraska Free and Kansas a slave state. Passed in 1854 and caused Kansas to have a civil war called “Bleeding Kansas” -over 200 people died half pro-slavery/half anti-slavery -By May, 1856, Kansas had two governments.

18. The Caning of Charles Sumner
Charles Sumner- MA Senator
accused SC Senator Butler of “choosing a mistress… the harlot, slavery.”
SC House Rep. Preston Brooks (Butler’s cousin) caned Sumner on the floor of the senate in response.
-Southerners cheered
-Northerners outraged

19. The Crisis Deepens
Chapter 10 Section 3

20. Birth of the Republican Party
Republicans Organize:
The Kansas- Nebraska Act Splits the Whigs
Members of the Whig, Democratic, and Free Soil parties combined to form The Republican Party
Abraham Lincoln

21. The Election of 1856 Candidates: -John C. Fremont-Republican
-James Buchanan-Democrat
-Millard Fillmore-American (independent)
-Buchanan is elected because he campaigns on saving the Union.
John C. Fremont
James Buchanan
Millard Fillmore

22. Sectional Divisions Grow
Dred Scott
-Slave who was brought into free territory to live
-Sued for his freedom, lost
-The case intensified sectional conflict

23. Lincoln and Douglass Illinois Senate Race
Abraham Lincoln- “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” ’4”
- believed slavery to be morally wrong, but not an abolitionist.
Stephen A. Douglas- “The Little Giant.” 5’4”
-Douglas’s “Freeport Doctrine”- keep slavery out by refusing to pass the laws needed to enforce it
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen A. Douglas

24. John Browns Raid
John Brown- Abolitionist - led an insurrection at Harpers Ferry Federal Arsenal in Virginia. -The Plan-Free and arm the slaves and the slaves would rise up and kill all the slave holders. Col. Robert E. Lee puts down the rebellion. John Brown was captured, tried and executed by hanging.

25. The Union Dissolves
Chapter 10 Section 4

26. The Election of 1860
Lincoln- Republican anti-slavery, higher tariffs
Douglass- Northern
Democrats
Breckinridge- Southern
Bell- Constitutional Union
Party
-Lincoln is elected-South
Carolina secedes
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglass
John Bell
John C. Breckinridge

27. Bonnie Blue Secession Flag
Compromise Fails
A last attempt at peace:
-The Lower South (SC,AL,FL,GA,LA,TX,MS) seceded by Feb. 1, 1861.
Crittenden’s Compromise is proposed. Guarantee slavery where it already existed and reinstate the Missouri Compromise line to the CA border.
-It fails and The Civil War begins.
Bonnie Blue Secession Flag

28. Flag of the Confederate States of America
Compromise Fails
Founding the Confederacy:
-First capital -Montgomery, AL.
Eventually moved to Richmond, Va.
-Confederate States of America. (Confederacy)
Confederate Constitution-
1-each state independent
2- slavery where it existed
3- no protective tariffs
Jefferson Davis - First President.
General Robert E. Lee Commands the Confederate Army.
Flag of the Confederate States of America

29. The Civil War Begins Fort Sumter Falls: Upper South secedes:
Lincoln tries to re-supply
Davis attacks the fort
Civil War Begins on April 12, 1861
Maj. Robert Anderson surrenders Fort Sumter
Upper South secedes:
June Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina secede

30. The Civil War Begins Hanging on to the Border States:
Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri are on the fence
-Lincoln send troops into Baltimore- makes Maryland safe
-Kentucky stays neutral, eventually joins Union
-Missouri stays in the Union