Presented by Mijin Yoon & Minyoung Jeong September 15, 2010 Realism & Liberalism Presented by Mijin Yoon & Minyoung Jeong September 15, 2010 Does a universal principle on how states revolve exist?

Legend Realism Liberalism Comparison Discussion Summary

REALISM Pre-1945 era : Imperialism justified colonization Post-1945 era : economic & military means renders states Conclusion : Power rules, yeah. Means may differ, but power is important for states. “The winner takes all. Who cares?”

Realism Logic of Power Balance of Power The world is under anarchic status State is the only and highest unit which constructs world politics With absence of any organization to control above states, each state need to seek for their own interest. Balance of Power Polarity of world makes peace Bipolarity is preferred (i.e. Cold War) Self-Help is essential (the others are potentially foe)

Realism Limitation Bipolar system does not always halve world Worked until the end of Cold War May be obsolete in this multilateral world USSR collapsed and promoted elemental states (CIS) : difficult to explain why Segregates minor factors in world politics NGOs, international organization Non-polar states always have to be subject to poles. Inclined to factual & situational concept Commonly perceived as two poles CONFRONT CONFRONT EXPECTED SUPPORT SUPPORT EXPECTED CONFRONT A tangled relation on India-Pakistan nuclear conflict

Will a real ‘liberal world’ come? LIBERALSIM A strong belief in liberalism and its advocate Tried to ‘export’ democracy and capitalistic economy Reality : FAILED Will a real ‘liberal world’ come? “Maybe a knockoff lol”

Liberalism Background Concept Derived as a reflection on war around 1940s Focused on how to resolve conflicts and tangled national interests amongst states Concept Peace is kept by international cooperation and coordination All states can maximize the means and actual output of national interest by sharing this viewpoint Democracy and capitalism lubricate liberalism

Liberalism Limitation ‘Crony governance’ Hard to stand alone Only democratic states will cooperate each other whereas non-democratic states will be relatively difficult to participate  May work as a logic to discriminate them Hard to stand alone In effect, non-democratic or non-capitalistic states also cooperate but Liberalism does not explain why and how. Subjugation Especially when a state is lack of military or economic power, it is fragile to subordinate under a hegemonic state under the reason of ‘expansion of liberalistic idea’.

Comparison (1) Realism Liberalism What is a state? The basic and sole unit of international relation Subject of international decision, but may belong to supra-state organization Basic Motivation of State-to-State Relation Seeking for their own national interest. Necessity to Conjugate with Certain Theories Not always Yes (Hard to stand alone without democracy and free-market based economic system) How to Resolve Conflict Balance of power especially under bipolar system Cooperation and coordination

Most Significant Defect Comparison (2) Realism Liberalism Purpose To explain the phenomena of conflict and To propose how the world society should keep peace and prosperity Most Significant Defect Does not explain multilateral factors of world politics (i.e. NGOs) and bypasses Application Influenced on… Neo-conservatism Neo-realism Idealism Constructivism

Discussion Realism Liberalism What could be the other ways to find a new order and a balance today from the point of view of Realism? How can we analyze MD withdrawal of USA from East Europe? Liberalism Why Liberalism can keep its genuineness only by strong military and economic power? How does the ‘embedded Liberalism’ work as a justification for interdependence of under-development states?

Summary (1) Through Realism, we can analyze the world peace as a product of balance of power under anarchic status, but cannot explain certain factors which involve non-state organizations in international relations or why bipolar structure of today is not the same as that of Cold War era.

Summary (2) Liberalism emphasizes dispersion of peace status by democracy and capitalism and followed by interdependence and cooperation, but may work as a purpose-driven ideology against non-democratic states imposing capitalism and democracy, under the name of cooperation and peace.

Presented by Mijin Yoon & Minyoung Jeong September 15, 2010 END OF PRESENTATION Presented by Mijin Yoon & Minyoung Jeong September 15, 2010