A Ben Itaba Presentation Hardware & Software A Ben Itaba Presentation

Hardware – Common Hardware Devices The physical components of a computer are called Hardware, common hardware devices involve: Monitor Mouse Keyboard Processor Printer Audio speakers Hardware devices also involve the cables, connectors and power supply units

Software – Types Of Software The digital components of a computer are called Software, types of software involve: System software is the software used to manage and control the hardware components and allow interaction between the hardware and the other types of software. Utility software is software such as anti-virus, firewalls and so on which helps to maintain and protect the computer system but does not directly interfere with the hardware. Applications software (also known as 'apps') are designed to allow the user of the system complete a specific task or set of tasks.

Data – Data Types The storage component of a computer is called Data, it involves: Latency is how much time it takes between making a request and receiving the data requested Capacity is how much it can hold Throughput is how fast can this data be retrieved or stored In a typical computer there are four physical types of data storage device: CPU registers – this is were the CPU manipulates the data – no latency, very low capacity CPU cache – memory direct access to the CPU unit – some latency for requesting memory RAM – (Random Access Memory) - some noticeable latency associated with accessing this memory but in the same time, significantly larger capacity Disk – significant latency – very large capacity. This is also sometimes referred to as “main storage” as it is the only non-volatile memory. It is memory that does not get reset on computer shut-down

Elective Content - Hardware – Functions Functions of hardware within a computer system include Input, Output, Process, Storage and Control. Input: Inputs allow the user to enter information into the system, or control its operation. Most personal computers have a mouse and keyboard, but laptop systems typically use a touchpad instead of a mouse. Other input devices include webcams, microphones, joysticks, and image scanners. Output: Output devices display information in a human readable form. Such devices could include printers, speakers, monitors or a Braille embosser. Storage: Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer components and recording media that retain digital data. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers. Control: The control unit is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs operation of the processor. It controls communication and co-ordination between input/output devices. It reads and interprets instructions and determines the sequence for processing the data.

Elective Content – Instruction Cycle An instruction cycle (sometimes called fetch-and-execute cycle, fetch-decode-execute cycle, or FDX) is the basic operation cycle of a computer. It is the process by which a computer retrieves a program instruction from its memory, determines what actions the instruction requires, and carries out those actions. This cycle is repeated continuously by the central processing unit (CPU), from boot up to when the computer is shut down. The circuits used in the CPU during the cycle are: Program counter (PC) - an incrementing counter that keeps track of the memory address of the instruction that is to be executed next or in other words, holds the address of the next instruction to be executed next. Memory address register (MAR) - holds the address of a memory block to be read from or written to. Memory data register (MDR) - a two-way register that holds data fetched from memory (and ready for the CPU to process) or data waiting to be stored in memory. Instruction register (IR) - a temporary holding ground for the instruction that has just been fetched from memory. Control unit (CU) - decodes the program instruction in the IR, selecting machine resources such as a data source register and a particular arithmetic operation, and coordinates activation of those resources. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) - performs mathematical and logical operations.

Elective Content - Trending Current trending hardware brands include: - Motherboards include: Acer, Asus, Intel, XFX and Biostar - Cpus include: AMD, Intel, Nvidia, IBM and OWC - Monitors include: Acer, Apple, Sony, Phillips and Dell - Video Cards include: Asus, MSI, and Foxconn - Graphics Cards include: AMD, Intel and Nvidia - Printers include: Dell, Canon, HP and Samsung - PSUs include: Antec, Gigabyte, Trust and XFX - Operating Systems include: Windows, Linux and IOS

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