International Migration in the Americas – an overview Departament of Social Inclusion (DIS) Secretariat for Access to Rights and Equity (SARE-OAS) Juan Manuel Jiménez

Scope and sources of the presentation International migration inflows in the Americas Migration movements from the Americas Measuring international migration: censuses, surveys, administrative records - entry and exit records at entry / exit points and records based on entry and stay permits according to the country's immigration laws (visas, residence permits, etc.) . The information is incorporated daily. Mesures migration flows. Countries of the Americas: includes Latin America and the Caribbean (South America, Central America and the Caribbean) and North America

International migration inflows in the Americas International migration inflows in the Americas, permanent and temporary, 2009-2014. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 % change 2014/2013 Immigration in 2014 per 1000 persons in the destination country All countries 3 484 100 3 508 300 3 738 600 3 875 700 4 084 200 4 231 700 +4 4,7 LAC Countries 541 400 528 300 677 100 765 000 895 000 914 500 +2 1,6   Index (2009=100) 100 101 108 111 117 121 98 122 136 159 151 Source: OEA/OECD,SICREMI

International migration inflows in the Americas For 2009-2014, immigration in the Americas increased by 21% overall but 51% in Latin America and the Caribbean. Immigration to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) about 914,000 in 2014, one fifth of all immigration in the Americas (4.2 million approx). Immigration levels for every 1,000 inhabitants in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC) are low compared to Canada (16.6) and the United States (8.8), but some countries are approaching the level of the United States, such as Chile (7.8) and Costa Rica (6.7)

MAIN DESTINATION COUNTRIES IN THE AMERICAS International migration inflows in the Americas MAIN DESTINATION COUNTRIES IN THE AMERICAS 2013-2014 UNITED STATES 64.0 CANADA 14.3 ARGENTINA 5.7 CHILE 3.2 MEXICO 3.4 BRAZIL 2.8 ECUADOR 1.4 COLOMBIA 1.2 COSTA RICA 1.0 PERU Source: OAS/OECD, SICREMI For 2013-2014, migration to South America represented 77% (average of 698K) of overall LAC. Migration to Central America (including Mexico) and the Caribbean represented 23% (206K) approx.

International migration inflows in the Americas In most countries, immigrants come largely from other countries of the Americas and indeed, from neighboring countries International migration inflows in the Americas SICREMI 2015, p. 9.

Inmigration in the MERCOSUR region origin with respect to total inmigration (%) Number of persons from MERCOSUR countries - average 2013/14 Distribution intra-MERCOSUR destination countries per people of MERCOSUR origin (%) CHILE 79 107000 26 PARAGUAY 73 6000 1 ARGENTINA 71 171000 42 BOLIVIA 20000 5 URUGUAY 58 4000 PERU 46 23000 6 ECUADOR 44 26000 COLOMBIA 35 17000 4 BRAZIL 31000 8 TOTAL MERCOSUR ORIGIN   405000 100 TOT. ALL ORIGINS 700000 MERCOSUR/ All origins 58% Source: OAS/OECD, SICREMI

Inmigration in the MERCOSUR region MERCOSUR origin with respect to total inmigration (%) MAIN NACIONALITIES – ALL ORIGINS CHILE 79 Peru 29%, Colombia 20%, Bolivia 20%, Argentina 5%, Spain 3%, Ecuador 3% PARAGUAY 73 Brazil 46%, Argentina 21%, Spain 6%, USA 6%, Germany 3% ARGENTINA 71 Paraguay 32%, Bolivia 18%, Peru 11%, Colombia 5%, Chile 2% BOLIVIA Brazil 33%, Peru 14%, Argentina 6%, Colombia 6%, Mexico 5%, Paraguay 5% URUGUAY 58 Argentina 26%, Brazil 12%, Spain 6%, Peru 6%, USA 5%, Chile 4% PERU 46 Colombia 17%, USA 13%, Spain 12%, Argentina 6%, Chile 6%, Ecuador 4% ECUADOR 44 Colombia 29%, Cuba 14%, China 13%, USA 9%, Peru 5%, Venezuela 4%, Spain 3% COLOMBIA 35 Venezuela 21%, USA 10%, Spain 9%, China 6%, Mexico6%, Ecuador 5%, Peru 4% BRAZIL 26 USA 8%, Bolivia 6%, Cuba 5%, Colombia 5%, Argentina 5%, Portugal 4% Source: OAS/OECD, SICREMI

from countries of the Americas Out-migration 2011-2014 from countries of the Americas Migration from countries of the Americas to other countries of the Americas and to OECD countries, 2011-2014.   Destination countries and regions Canada and the United States Americas except for Canada/United States OECD outside of Americas (mainly countries from Europa plus Australia, Japon, Korea, New Zeland, Israel,Turkey) All destination countries Average annual outflow 2011-2014 as a % of 2014 origin country population Origin country or region 2011-2014 2014/2011 % of total outflow % change Canada and United States 27 +2 19 -3 54 -1 1 045 600 0.07 Caribbean 72 16 +137 13 -26 1 024 500 +9 0.60 Central America 84 +15 10 +72 6 -7 1 911 900 +18 0.28 Andean Region 23 -4 62 +22 15 -31 1 824 500 +5 0.34 Southern Cone +19 52 -9 21 -15 1 364 600 0.12 LAC Countries 47 +8 34 -14 7 171 200 +6 0.18 Countries outside the Americas 36 +12 3 +52 61 +20 25 932 600 0.10 All countries 39 +11 9 +25 +17 33 103 800 0.11 Source: Migration Policy Debates © OAS/OECD no.11, September 2016

Out-migration 2011-2014 from countries of the Americas Out-migration increased by 8% to the United States and Canada, 18% to LAC and decreased by 14% to OECD countries outside the Americas (mainly Europe and Japan) 47% of the emigrants from the Americas went to the United States and Canada, 34% to LAC countries and 19% to OECD countries outside the Americas (Europe and Japan) Emigration from Central America increased 18%, from the Caribbean 9%, from the Andean Region 5% and decreased 4% from the Southern Cone.

Out-migration 2011-2014 from countries of the Americas A significant increase in out-migration from the Caribbean (+ 137%) and Central America (+ 72%) to other LAC countries. At country level, out-migration increased in Cuba (+ 57%), Nicaragua (+ 63%), Venezuela (+ 33%) and Colombia (+ 29%) Generally, LAC countries show high emigration rates, except for those of the Southern Cone

Feminization of migration? Traditional roles are changing, but women continue to be underrepresented among labor migrants and overrepresented among family migrants SICREMI 2015, p. 14.

Recap…. For 2009-2014, migration inflows in the Americas increased by 21% in total and by 51% in Latin America and the Caribbean In the same period for every ten people who emigrated from the countries of the Americas, five went to the United States and Canada, three to LAC countries and two to Europe. Migration flows in MERCOSUR countries have been consolidating and increasing steadily as a result of the facilitation of labor mobility granted by the Residency Agreement. Immigration of women in countries of the Americas continues to be a minority phenomenon (45%) with a significantly greater presence of women among family migrants (59%) and a lesser presence among labor migrants (32%), so with some exceptions, it is still far from a situation in which the genders are playing on average the same role

Thank you for your attention! http://www.migracionoea.org/index.php/es/sicremi-es/reportes.html https://www.oecd.org/els/mig/migration-policy-debates-11.pdf