The Cell 1.1 The cell is the basic unit of living things. 1.2 CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER The Cell the BIG idea All living things are made up of cells. 1.1 The cell is the basic unit of living things. 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. 1.3 Different cells perform various functions. CHAPTER OUTLINE

The cell is the basic unit of living things. 1.1 The cell is the basic unit of living things. All living things are made up of one or more cells. Organisms share the following characteristics: organism • organization unicellular • ability to grow and develop multicellular • ability to respond microscope • ability to reproduce Many unicellular organisms live in pond water. bacteria Multicellular organisms include this frog and these water-lily plants. SECTION OUTLINE

1.1 organism The cell is the basic unit of living things. unicellular multicellular An individual living thing, made up of one or many cells, that is capable of growing and reproducing. microscope bacteria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.1 unicellular The cell is the basic unit of living things. organism unicellular unicellular multicellular A term used to describe an organism that is made up of a single cell. microscope bacteria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.1 multicellular The cell is the basic unit of living things. organism multicellular unicellular multicellular A term used to describe an organism that is made up of many cells. microscope bacteria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.1 microscope The cell is the basic unit of living things. organism microscope unicellular multicellular An instrument that uses glass lenses to magnify an object. microscope bacteria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.1 bacteria The cell is the basic unit of living things. organism bacteria unicellular multicellular A large group of one-celled organisms that sometimes cause disease. Bacteria is a plural word; the singular is bacterium. microscope bacteria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. A prokaryotic cell is relatively simple in structure, with no nucleus or other organelles. cell membrane cytoplasm A bacterium consists of a single prokaryotic cell. nucleus eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria SECTION OUTLINE

Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. A prokaryotic cell is relatively simple in structure, with no nucleus or other organelles. A eukaryotic cell is more complex, with many different organelles inside it. cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus Plants and animals are made up of many eukaryotic cells. plant cell animal cell eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria SECTION OUTLINE

1.2 cell membrane Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. cytoplasm nucleus The outer boundary of the cytoplasm, a layer that controls what enters or leaves the cell; a protective covering enclosing an entire cell. eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.2 cytoplasm Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. cell membrane cytoplasm cytoplasm nucleus A thick, gelatin-like material contained within the cell membrane. Most of the work of the cell is carried out in the cytoplasm. eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.2 nucleus Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. cell membrane nucleus cytoplasm nucleus The structure in a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material a cell needs to reproduce and function. eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.2 eukaryotic cell Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. cell membrane eukaryotic cell cytoplasm nucleus A cell in which the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus, surrounded by its own membrane. eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.2 prokaryotic cell Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. cell membrane prokaryotic cell cytoplasm nucleus A cell that lacks a nucleus and other organelles, with DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.2 organelle Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. cell membrane organelle cytoplasm nucleus A structure in a cell that is enclosed by a membrane and that performs a particular function. eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.2 cell wall Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm nucleus A protective outer covering that lies just outside the cell membrane of plant cells. eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.2 chloroplast Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. cell membrane chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus An organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a chemical that uses the energy from sunlight to make sugar. eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.2 mitochondria Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. cell membrane mitochondria cytoplasm nucleus Organelles that release energy by using oxygen to break down sugars. eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell organelle cell wall chloroplast mitochondria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Different cells perform various functions. 1.3 Different cells perform various functions. • The single cell of a unicellular organism does all that is necessary for the organism to survive. specialization • A multicellular organism is a community of specialized cells. tissue organ • Scientific models make it easier to understand cells. archaea The tarsier has many levels of organization in its body. SECTION OUTLINE

1.3 specialization Different cells perform various functions. tissue The specific organization of a cell and its structure that allows it to perform a specific function. organ KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.3 tissue Different cells perform various functions. specialization tissue tissue A group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job. organ KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.3 organ Different cells perform various functions. specialization organ tissue A structure in a plant or an animal that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a particular function. organ KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

1.1 The cell is the basic unit of living things. I. The cell is the basic unit of living things. organism A. Living things are different from nonliving things. unicellular 1. Characteristics of Life multicellular 2. Needs of Life microscope B. All living things are made of cells. bacteria C. The microscope led to the discovery of cells. D. Cells come from other cells. E. The cell theory is important to the study of biology. 1. Louis Pasteur 2. Bacteria and Spontaneous Generation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. II. Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. cell membrane A. The microscope is an important tool. cytoplasm B. Cells are diverse. nucleus C. Plants and animals have eukaryotic cells. eukaryotic cell 1. Structures That Process Information prokaryotic cell 2. Organelles That Provide Energy organelle 3. Organelles That Process and Transport cell wall 4. Organelles for Storage, Recycling, and Waste chloroplast mitochondria KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Different cells perform various functions. 1.3 Different cells perform various functions. III. Different cells perform various functions. specialization A. Organisms can be classified by their cell type. tissue 1. Archaea and Bacteria organ 2. Eukarya B. Cells in multicellular organisms specialize. C. A multicellular organism is a community of cells. D. Scientists use models to study cells. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY