Ancient Greek civilizations

Vocabulary Sarissa Mythology Chorus Socratic Method Hippocratic oath

War in Ancient Greece During the 400s BCE war in Greece became frequent over land and resources. There were 3 major wars that took place, 2 Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian war

1st Persian War The 1st Persian War took place in 490 BCE after Persia conquered Ionia in the 500’s BCE. Persian King Darius attempted to attack Marathon, Athens peninsula. The Athenians got word and attacked Persia and won the 1st Persian war

2nd Persian War Persia headed Athens again this time with Xerxes leading, King Darius but Athens leaders set a trap for Xerxes. they cleared the city and waited for Xerxes. After Xerxes destroyed the city they sail around Athens into a small strait where the Athenian navy ambushed Persia’s 1200 war ships and won the 2nd Persian war at the Battle of Salamis.

2nd Persian war After Xerxes destroyed the city the Persians continued to sail around Athens into small strait where Themistocles and the Athenian navy ambushed Persia’s 1200 war ships and won the 2nd Persian war at the Battle of Salamis.

Athens vs Sparta After the Persian war Greek city-states split into 2 leagues Delian League (led by Athens)and the Peloponnesian league (led by Sparta)

PELOPONNESIAN WAR 433 BCE Athens begins the civil War by trying to stop Peloponnesian trade 431 BCE Sparta attacks Athens by land in a attempt to take out their food supply but Athens was prepared and built a wall to protect a road that lead to port cities to still trade and get food. In 430 BCE Athens was hit with a plague that killed thousands of people which “Paused” the war

Peloponnesian War The war continued after the plague as Sparta’s army dominated the land as Athens’ navy dominated the sea. In 421 BCE the 2 sides came to truce but only for a few years as Athens violated the truce by attacking Sicily again which was unsuccessful.

Peloponnesian War After Athens Navy was weaken from its attack Persia notices and decided to join the war. Persia begins to send money and resources to build Sparta’s navy which gave Sparta the edge it needed to end the war in 403 BCE.

Peloponnesian War In 404 BCE with Sparta’s navy now just as strong as its army Sparta defeats Athens in the battle of Aegospotami which led to the end of the war a year later in 403 BCE

Rise of Macedonia After the Peloponnesian war north of Greece begin the rise of Macedonia which was formally ran by Persia but now led by King Philip. King Philip would build a powerful army using the phalanx and the sarissa which allowed him to take over Greece.

Heights of Macedonia After conquering Greece Philip wanted Persia next but was killed at his daughter’s wedding . He was succeeded by his son Alexander.

Alexander the great After the death of his father Alexander became king of Macedonia. Alexander was a brilliant man who was trained by Aristotle. He first duty as king was to secure his kingdom by crushing all rebellions and then to take Persia

Alexander the Great After securing taking Persia and other areas including Ionia (Asia), Afghanistan and India and Kemet Alexander would ruled the biggest Kingdom in Greek in history and it only took 11years. Alexander would continue to take over new places until his death (deadly fever) in 323 BCE, he was 32.

Alexander’s empire After his death Alex's empire was split between his generals but Alex’s Greek influence (Hellenistic) lasted until 30 BCE and would spread throughout the world.

Ancient Greek Beliefs Ancient Greeks practice polytheism and expressed their beliefs through mythology. The myths told important truths about nature and the acts of people. They were honored in many ways from sacrifices to shrines

Ancient Greek belief Greek belief also consisted of oracles which lived in Delphi on Mount Parnassus. Greeks traveled to these oracles to have their futures predicted.

Ancient Greek athletics Greeks also conducted athletic events to honor the gods and goddess such as the Olympic games which honored Zeus and took place in Olympia.

Arts of Ancient Greece Greeks created paintings, sculptures, and buildings to honor their gods. Paintings and sculptures were placed through out many buildings of gods, goddess and famous people.

Ancient Greek Literature Greek literature contained writings about religion, dramas, and fables. Two of the most famous writings in Greek history are the Iliad and Odyssey written by Homer.

Ancient Greek literature One type of Greek literature are lyric poems which was poems song while playing string instruments. Three famous poets were Pindar, Alcaeus, and Sappho.

Ancient Greek Literature Greeks also wrote dramas to honor the god Dionysus. They were broken into 2 categories comedy and tragedy.

Ancient Greek Literature Greeks also wrote fables which were stories used to teach moral lessons about life. The most famous Greek to write these Fables was Aesop.