Respiratory system

Respiratory system Understand the impact of a healthy, active lifestyle on the respiratory system The main function of the respiratory system and respiration Immediate and short-term effects of participation in exercise Long-term effects of regular participation in exercise Effects of recreational drugs

Mind map the following questions What is the purpose of the respiratory system? Why does an athlete benefit from an efficient respiratory system? What would happen if the athlete worked extremely hard? Can you explain this

To bring O2 into the body and take CO2 out Allows more O2 to reach the blood and consequently the muscles. Important because the harder and longer the activity more the O2 is needed for the muscles to keep working. Working too hard may result in oxygen debt

Pathways of the air Using your labelled diagram of your lungs, can you bullet point the pathway of air (how the respiratory system works) Be prepared to explain to the rest of the class

Respiration and exercise

Label the lungs In your books you should have labelled the lungs Extension: can you explain the mechanism of breathing using the key words

Mechanisms of breathing – inspiration Intercostal muscles pull ribs up and out When you breathe in: intercostal muscles between the ribs contract, pulling the chest walls up and out the diaphragm muscle below the lungs contracts and flattens, increasing the size of the chest the lungs increase in size, so the pressure inside them falls. This causes air to rush in through the nose or mouth. Air is then warmed and moistened Diaphragm contracts and moves down

Mechanisms of breathing – expiration Ribs move in and down When you breathe out: Intercostal muscles between the ribs relax so that the chest walls move in and down. The diaphragm muscle below the lungs relaxes and bulges up, reducing the size of the chest. The lungs decrease in size, so the pressure inside increases and air is pushed up the trachea and out through the nose or mouth. Diaphragm relaxes and bulges up

What happens during gaseous exchange? ( 1 minute) Oxygen gets into the blood stream via the capillaries around the alveoli Once it is in the blood it can get t0 the muscles where it is needed This is called gaseous exchange

How is the respiratory system measured? Two measurements help to estimate the efficiency of the respiratory system. Tidal volume Vital capacity Task: 2 minutes to find out the difference between the two and write them down in your booklet

Tidal volume = amount of air inspired and expired with each normal breath at rest or during exercise Vital capacity = the greatest amount of air that can be made to pass in and out of the lungs by the most forceful inspiration and expirations. Normally 4-5 litres.

Task: 7 minutes Complete Homework 1 and worksheet 3 in your booklet.

What is aerobic/anaerobic respiration When exercising very hard, the heart cannot get enough oxygen to the muscles. Respiration then becomes anaerobic. Glucose → energy + lactic acid When the body is at rest this is aerobic respiration. As you exercise you breathe harder and deeper and the heart beats faster to get oxygen to the muscles. Glucose + oxygen → energy + water + carbon dioxide

Extension tasks/homework Complete worksheet 4 and homework sheet 2 Use your prior knowledge on aerobic and anaerobic

Exit ticket What can you remember? Can you explain the terms below? Stick on a post it note in the correct system Respiratory System Tidal volume Vital capacity Trachea Alveoli Intercostal muscles Bronchi Rib cage Diaphragm Oxygen Debt Aerobic respiration

Learning intentions Understand the immediate and long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system Describe the effects of immediate and long term exercise on the respiratory system Explain why the effects these have on a performer

Immediate effects of exercise on the respiratory system What happens to the respiratory system during exercise? (immediate)

TASK Breathing quickens and deepens... WHY? Out of breath... Why? Count how many times you breath in over the next 30 seconds Stand up and jog on the spot Count your breaths again

Oxygen debt- what is it? Stand on the spot and pump your arms and legs as quickly as you can? How long can you do this for? What makes you stop? What happens after you have finished?

Oxygen debt This happens when you work ANAEROBICALLY = Without Oxygen When you do strenuous activity, oxygen cannot be supplied quickly enough through breathing e.g. sprinting flat out This means when you stop, you need to make up for the oxygen used by taking big gasping breaths Gasping breaths replaces oxygen as quickly as possible and removes wastes products (CO2 and Lactic Acid)

Question: use your whiteboard to answer the question During a match a player is likely to build up an oxygen debt. What is oxygen debt? (1) If a player has built up oxygen debt will she have been working aerobically or anaerobically? (1) What by-product is associated with oxygen debt? (1)

Long term effects of regular exercise Lung capacity increases Increased vital capacity Number of alveoli increases Use your sheets to find out more about these changes.