1. The Cardio-respiratory system
1.2.4 – The Respiratory System

2. We need to know:
1.2.6 Composition of inhaled and exhaled air and the impact of physical activity and sport on this composition
1.2.7 Vital capacity and tidal volume, and change in tidal volume due to physical activity and sport, and the reasons that make the change in tidal volume necessary
1.2.8 Location of main components of respiratory system (lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm) and their role in movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the body
1.2.9 Structure of alveoli to enable gas exchange and the process of gas exchange to meet the demands of varying intensities of exercise (aerobic and anaerobic)

3. Other gases make up the rest of the %
Composition of air: fill in the percentages in pencil to see what you remember
Inhaled air
Exhaled air
Gas %
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Gas %
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide 78 78 21 16
0.04 4
Other gases make up the rest of the %

4. Oracy
Explain in threes why the gases are different percentages for inhaled air and exhaled air.
One of you take oxygen
One carbon dioxide
One nitrogen

5. Difference of inhaled and exhaled air
Nitrogen:
Largest % of gas
Same amount inhaled and exhaled as we don’t use it or produce it
Oxygen:
Levels decrease as we use this to produce energy
Carbon Dioxide:
Levels increase as we produce this as a by-product of energy production

6. Lung Volumes Lung Volume:
The capacity of the lungs (how much air they can hold)
Define the following:
Lung Volume
Tidal Volume
Vital Capacity
Tidal Volume:
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath
Vital Capacity:
The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after the maximum amount has been inhaled.

7. Why does tidal volume increase during exercise?
We need more oxygen to produce energy
We need to get rid of carbon dioxide which is a by-product of respiration.

8. Think!
How can we remember the difference between tidal volume and vital capacity?
For example:
Tidal Volume – like the tide. Constant waves on a graph
Vital capacity – Vital = important! It is vital we take in more oxygen when exercising

9. Which graph is showing tidal volume and which is Vital capacity?

10. Label the diagram in pencil

11. How did you do?

12. Complete the flow chart to show the Pathway of air

13. The pathway of air Nose/Mouth Bronchi Pharynx Bronchioles Larynx
Alveoli
Trachea

14. The leaves are where the alveoli are
Tips to remember:
Think of the main parts of the respiratory system as an upside down tree
T for:
Trunk
Trachea
B for:
Branches
Bronchi
Bronchioles
The leaves are where the alveoli are

15. What role does the diaphragm play in the respiration process?

16. Watch this clip – this is what happens in the leaves/alveoli!

17. Label the diagram to show what happens to the oxygen and the carbon dioxide during inhalation and exhalation
CO2 O2

18. What happens to the following during exercise?
Breathing Rate
Tidal Volume
They increase.
Why?
We need to take in more oxygen to produce energy and get rid of carbon dioxide.

19. 1.3 Aerobic and Anaerobic exercise
What is the main thing we need to remember about the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?
Aerobic uses oxygen to produce energy
(Aer sounds like air)
Anaerobic does not use oxygen to produce energy

20. What type of activity uses aerobic respiration?
Long duration
Moderate intensity
Examples: marathon running, long distance swimming

21. What type of activity uses Anaerobic respiration?
High intensity
Very short duration
Examples: 100m sprint, shot put

22. Energy Sources Fats are an energy source for aerobic activity. They:
Require oxygen to break down into glucose.
Break down slowly
Provide large quantities of energy once broken down.
Carbohydrates are an energy source for aerobic and anaerobic activity. They:
Do not require oxygen to break down into glucose.
Do not give as much energy as fats
Do not take as long to break down as fats so are available more quickly.

23. Aerobic equation Glucose + O2 = CO2 + H2O + Heat + Energy So:
You use oxygen and glucose to produce energy aerobically
In the process, you also produce carbon dioxide, water and heat.

24. Glucose = Lactic Acid + energy
This is produced as a by-product when carbohydrates are broken down without oxygen during anaerobic respiration.
Glucose = Lactic Acid + energy
Without oxygen lactic acid will build up in the muscles and the blood causing a drop in performance. The body is in oxygen debt.

25. Homework
Go through your revision guide and highlight the points you need to revise after doing the questions you have answered on the topics so far.
This will help you to target your revision
Add to your flash cards from today’s session
Remember: all these PowerPoints are on the website if you need to refer to them