1. Respiration is not breathing! Respiration is a chemical reaction that creates energy at the working muscles making use of the oxygen. (mixing it with glucose) Breathing is a part of the respiration process – it is how we get oxygen into our bodies and how we get carbon dioxide out! RESPIRATION (not breathing)

2. The Respiratory System The respiratory system is everything we use to breathe and supply our bodies with oxygen. We breathe air into our lungs. The oxygen is then transferred to our blood and taken around our body.

3. Trachea (wind pipe) Bronchus Bronchioles Alveoli Lung Intercostal muscles Ribs Diaphragm Respiratory System Diagram

4. Inspiration - Breathing In When inhaling… The intercostal muscles contract and pull the rib cage up and out. The diaphragm contracts causing it to flatten. The chest cavity gets larger causing pressure in the lungs to fall. Air moves into the lungs from the higher outside pressure. Air flowing in

5. The chest cavity gets smaller and so pressure in the lungs increases. When exhaling… Expiration - Breathing Out The intercostal muscles relax and so the rib cage returns to normal. The diaphragm relaxes pushing it up. Air flows out of the lungs. During periods of exercise, expiration becomes an active process, involving the forced expulsion of air. Air flowing out

6. How does Oxygen get from the air outside into the blood stream OUTSIDE ↓ TRACHEA ↓ LUNGS ↓ ALVEOLI ↓ BLOOD STREAM GaseousEXCHANGE

7. How does Oxygen get into the Bloodstream Alveoli Blood Stream BloodVessel

8. At the Same Time Carbon Dioxide is Going the Other Way! Alveoli Blood Stream BloodVessel

9. This is Gaseous Exchange! Air in and out. O²O²O²O² CO² Capillary Deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood

10. Gaseous Exchange Explained CO² moves from the blood into the alveoli. O² moves across to the red blood cells. This is where it combines with haemoglobin to make oxyhaemoglobin. The red blood cells carry the O² to the body parts that require it. At the same time the blood takes the CO² back to the lungs so it can be oxygenated once again.

11. Anaerobic Exercise Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, therefore it can only be used for short bursts The following equations need to be learnt and REMEMBERED! Aerobic respiration in the presence of O²is summarised as: Glucose + O² → Energy + CO²+H²O Anaerobic respiration in the absence of O²is summarised as: Glucose → Energy + Lactic Acid

12. Oxygen debt This happens as a result of the muscles respiring anaerobically during vigorous exercise because as our bodies run out of sufficient supplies of oxygen we call on glycogen (where have we heard this before?) stores. We can only do this for approximately 60 seconds, in this time we are effectively ‘borrowing’ oxygen, which is owed to the body. This is known as our oxygen debt. This will cause a build up of lactic acid in the working muscles and will make the muscles hurt. This is the main reason for completing a warm down – to allow the acid to disperse.

13. The Recovery Period Immediately after vigorous exercise we have to take in extra oxygen. This extra oxygen helps to convert the possibly painful presence of lactic acid into simple waste products that have to be removed from the body How it is done Expiration of breath – removes the CO2 and other waste products from our lungs Perspiration – Temperature control and removes excess water, Although heat is not a waste product it needs to be removed to prevent overheating Excretion – not really an explanation needed?!?!