Development of GI system 陳建榮 http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/index2.php?pid=75
GI system: Primitive Gut Morphogenesis Foregut Midgut Hindgut Foregut embryology Midgut embryology Hindgut embryology
Formation of primitive gut Head fold, tail fold and lateral fold Foregut Midgut Hindgut
Primitive gut:
The primitive gut: Foregut 前腸 esophagus stomach(S) proximal half of the duodenum (PD), liver and pancreas. Midgut 中腸 distal half of the duodenum(DD) jejunum(J), ileum(I), cecum(C), appendix, ascending colon and the right 3/4 of the transverse colon. Hindgut 後腸 left 1/4 of the transverse colon the descending colon sigmoid colon the rectum(R) down to the ano-rectal line (the endoderm-ectoderm junction).
The venous drainage of the gut : The blood supply: Foregut : celiac artery Midgut :superior mesenteric artery Hindgut :inferior mesenteric artery The venous drainage of the gut : Foregut : portal vein Midgut : superior mesenteric vein Hindgut :inferior mesenteric vein.
Functional divisions of primitive GI system ARTERY VEIN LYMPHATICS SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC FOREGUT: Esophagus Stomach Proximal half of duodenum (up to common bile duct (CBD)) Liver Pancreas CELIAC ARETERY PORTAL VEIN Spleenic vein Gastric vein CELIAC NODES CELIAC GANGLIA VAGUS MIDGUT: Distal half of duodenum (from CBD) Jejunum Ileum Appendix Cecum Ascending colon Right 3/4 of transverse colon SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN SUPERIOR MESENTERIC NODES SUPERIOR MESENTERIC GANGLIA HINDGUT: Left 1/4 of transverse colon Descending colon All of rectum down to ano-rectal line INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN INFERIOR MESENTERIC NODES GANGLIA HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES
GI system: Primitive Gut Morphogenesis Foregut Embryology Development of stomach Development of mesentery Liver morphogenesis Pancrease morphogenesis Midgut embryology Hindgut embryology
Development of stomach Clock wise 90 Greater curvature of stomach胃大彎 Lesser curvature of stomach胃小彎 Vagus n.
Development of stomach
Development of stomach
GI system: Primitive Gut Morphogenesis Mesentery morphogenesis Dorsal mesentery背總腸繫膜 Ventral mesentery腹總腸繫膜 Foregut Embryology Midgut embryology Hindgut embryology
Formation of Greater omentum大網膜
網膜孔 網膜囊
THE MESENTERY: -ventral mesentery: -falciform lig.鐮狀韌帶 -lesser omentum小網膜 -coronary lig.冠狀韌帶 -triangular lig.三角韌帶 -dorsal mesentery: Mesogastrium : greater omentum大網膜, omentum bursa網膜囊 Mesoduodenum十二指膜系膜 mesentery proper (distal duodenum, jejunum and ileum), mesocolon 結腸系膜 Mesorectum直腸系膜
Development of liver: 4 weeks 5 weeks Hepatic diverticulum肝憩室 Hepatic cords 肝索 Gallbladder膽囊 Ventral pancreatic bud腹側胰芽 5 weeks 6 weeks
Development of pancrease Dorsal pancreatic bud背側胰芽 Body and tail of pancrease, accessory pancreatic duct Ventral pancreatic bud腹側胰芽 Uncinate process of pancrase, main pancreatic duct
Clinical problems Annular pancrease環狀胰臟
Duodenal stenosis or atresia十二指腸栓塞或狹窄
Development of spleen Accessory spleen副脾
GI system: Primitive Gut Morphogenesis Foregut Embryology Midgut embryology Rotation of midgut loop Retum of midgut to abdomen Fixation of intestine Cecum and appendix Hindgut embryology
Rotation of midgut loop 6 weeks Rotation of midgut loop - Counterclock wise 90 10 weeks Retum of midgut to abdomen 11 weeks
Midgut development of animals
Midgut development of animals
Clinical problems Umbilical hernia ↑ ↓ Gastroschisis Muscles of abdominal wall : normal
Gastroschisis 裂腹畸形(前腹壁缺損)
Nonrotation of midgut Mixed rotation and volvulus Reversed rotation Internal hernia Midgut volvulus
Fixation of intestine
Cecum and appendix
Clinical problems Meckel’s diverticulum梅爾氏憩室
Ileal diverticulum迴腸憩室
Duplication of intestine腸重覆
GI system: Primitive Gut Morphogenesis Foregut Embryology Midgut embryology Hindgut embryology Partitioning of cloaca泄殖腔 Urorectal septum泌尿直腸隔 Cloaca泄殖腔 Urogenital sinus泌尿生殖竇 Anal canal肛管
Partition of cloaca
Anal canal 恥狀線 原肛
Clinical problems 直腸尿道瘻管 直腸陰道瘻管 肛門會陰瘻管 Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Membranous atresia of anal Rectovaginal fistula Rectourethral fistula 直腸陰道瘻管 直腸尿道瘻管