1. NEUROLOGY of ABDOMINAL REGION

2. Vagus Nerve Provides parasympathetic innervation to abdominal viscera:
To left colic flexure.
Branches:
Esophageal branches (to esophageal plexus).
Gastric branches:
Anterior gastric to stomach.
Posterior gastric to stomach.
Gall bladder.
Intestinal.

3. Lumbar Plexus Ventral rami of L1-3 and most of L4. Muscular branches:
Nerve to quadratus lumborum (T12-L3).
Nerve to psoas major (L1-L3)
Nerve to psoas minor (L1)

6. Lumbar Plexus Iliohypogastrric nerve: L1.
Travels lateral to psoas major.
Innervates:
Lateral buttock.
Hypogastric region.

7. Lumbar Plexus Ilioinguinal nerve: L1. Travels lateral to psoas major.
Innervates:
Skin of groin.
Scrotum.
Labia.

8. Lumbar Plexus Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2.):
Travels through psoas major.
Divides into genital and femoral branches.
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-3.):
Travels lateral to psoas major.
Femoral nerve (L2-4):
Largest branch of lumbar plexus.

9. Lumbar Plexus Obturator nerve (L2-4):
Travels medial to psoas major.
To adductor muscles of lower extremity.
Accessory obturator nerve (L3-4):
To pectineus muscle.

10. Nerves of Abdominal Wall
Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11):
Innervate anterior abdominal muscles, overlying skin and peripheral diaphragm.
Anterior cutaneous nerves.
Lateral cutaneous nerves.
Subcostal nerve (T12):
Inferior external oblique and skin over anterior superior iliac spine and hip.

11. Thoracic Sympathetic Trunk
Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-9):
Celiac ganglia:
Prevertebral.
Superior to celiac trunk.
Celiac plexus:
Sympathetic to: stomach, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, spleen, pancreas, gall bladder, kidneys, suprarenal glands.
Hepatic plexus:
Sympathetic to liver.

12. Thoracic Sympathetic Trunk
Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11):
Superior mesenteric ganglia:
Prevertebral.
Superior mesenteric plexus:
Sympathetic to: duodenum, ileum, jejunum, cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, pancreas.

13. Thoracic Sympathetic Trunk
Least splanchnic nerve (T12):
Aorticorenal ganglia:
Prevertebral.
Sympathetic to: kidneys, suprarenal glands.

14. Abdominal Sympathetic Trunk
Paravertebral.
Continuous with thoracic sympathetic trunk.
Lumbar splanchnic nerves (T11-L2):
Inferior mesenteric ganglion (prevertebral).
Superior hypogastric plexus:
Sympathetic innervation to descending colon and sigmoid colon.