The World before the Opening of the Atlantic Chapter 1 Sections 1 & 2

Bell Ringer: What is a primary source Bell Ringer: What is a primary source? Which of the following is a primary source and why?

Primary Source Definition Any original record that was created at or about the time of a historical event is a primary source. Primary sources come in many forms, such as letters, photos, newspaper articles, speeches, and more. They serve as historical records not just of the event itself, but also of attitudes and opinions about the event.

APPARTS Method Try to identify these important details any time you read a primary source document:             A - Author Who is the author? What do you know about the author?             P - Place & time When and where was the source created?             P - Prior knowledge What do you already know about this source or this subject?             A - Audience Who was the intended audience?             R - Reason What was the purpose of the document?             T - The main idea What is the source saying? What is the main idea?             S Significance Why is this source important?

Let’s try using APPARTS

The World before the Opening of the Atlantic Chapter 1

Section 1: The Earliest Americans You are living in North America about 10,000 years ago, close to the end of the Ice Age. For weeks, your group has been following a herd of elk across a marshy landscape. This trip has taken you far from your usual hunting grounds. The air is warmer here. There are think grasses and bushes full of berries. You decide to camp here for the summer and perhaps stay awhile.

First Migration to the Americas Scientists think first Americans came from the Ice Age Hunter-gatherers(Paleo-Indians) from Asia migrated via the Bering Land Bridge People started to have culture, and societies emerged

Early Mesoamerican and South American Societies: Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas

Mayans Apocalypto Trailer Earliest known civilization in Mesoamerica First pyramids in the Americas Apocalypto Trailer

Aztecs Fierce warriors Capital = Tencochtitlan (later became modern day Mexico City

Incas From small tribe to 12 million people Strong government Roads and rope bridges No written language (used knotted strings)

Section 2: Native American Cultures After crossing the land bridge from Asia during the Ice Age, hunter-gatherer groups spread into every region of North America. Many diverse cultures formed as Native Americans adapted to their different environments.

Native American Tribes

Western/Southweswtern Tribes (like the Anasazi, Hopi)

Anasazi 1500 BC, in the Four Corners region Grew maise, beans, squash (used irrigation) Built pueblos Built houses in canyon walls Built kivas, underground ceremonial chambers for sacred or religious ceremonies

North and Norwest Tribes (like the Inuits and the Makah)

North and Northwestern Tribes Lived in modern day Alaska, Canada, and Oregon/Washington Cold, harsh conditions Fishing and hunting large mammals Animals skins used for shelters and clothes Domesticated dogs Totems held great religious and historical significance

Great Plains Tribes (like the Sioux)

Great Plaines Tribes From Canada to Texas Plains were mainly grassland Nomadic hunters (though some were farmers) Followed elk and buffalo Teepees were easy to pack up

Northeast (Iroquois) and Southeast (Cherokee)

Eastern Tribes Rich in sources for food and shelter Farming villages Hunters and gatherers The Iroquois created the Iroquois League Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca