Global Health 2013 What do we need to know?

Developed Countries Low child and adult mortality Longer life expectancy Well developed industry High GDP Established healthcare and education systems

Developing Countries High Mortality Low life expectancy Poor industry, limited trade Low GDP High rates of poverty Limited healthcare and education systems

Classifying Countries The World Health Organisation classifies countries into 5 mortality stratas: 1. Mortality strata A- very low child mortality and low adult mortality- Australia, Japan, Singapore, Canada, Sweden, New Zealand

Mortality Based Stratas Mortality Strata B- low child mortality and low adult mortality – Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Brazil, China, Indonesia,Turkey, Saudi Arabia Mortality Strata C- low child mortality and high adult adult mortality- Soviet Union Hungary

Mortality Based Stratas Mortality Strata D- High child mortality and high adult mortality- India Morocco, Afghanistan, Sudan, Iraq Mortality Strata E- High child mortality and very high adult mortality- Ethiopia, Mozambique, Namibia- Africa

The World Health Organisation also uses 3 broad categories to differentiate between the levels of development of countries: Low mortality developing- China, Mexico High Mortality developing- India, Afghanistan, Kenya Developed- Australia, USA, UK, Sweden, Japan

VCAA Exam 2010 List two characteristics used by the WHO to describe a developing country. 2marks

Human Development adapted from the UN 1990 Creating an environment that allows people to: develop to their full potential Lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests Expand people’s choices Enhance their capabilities(the range of things people can be and do) Have access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living Participate in the life of the community and decisions affecting their lives

Sustainability Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (UN 1992) There are 3 elements of sustainability 1. Social(employment, equity, education, security, cultural inclusion, participation) 2. Economic(income, growth, stability) 3. Environmental(conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, sanitation, healthy environment)

Human Development Index A measurement of human development which combines indicators of life expectancy, educational levels and income. The Human Development Index provides a single statistic which can be used as a reference for both social and economic development (UN Development Programme1990) Human Development Index measures social and economic development of a country

HDI Based on: Life expectancy Mean Years of schooling Expected years of schooling Gross National Income per capita The closer to the value 1, the higher the HDI of a country 2011 Australia .929 Mozambique .322 Bangladesh .500

HDI HDI = life expectancy + Education +Income

Sustainable Human Development Achieving Sustainable Human Development requires a balance of: Good Health- health status, life expectancy, Burden of disease, Morbidity and Mortality Rates Human Development-Leading productive, creative lives, meeting potential,, expanding choices, more knowledge, access to healthcare, decent standard of living, participating in the life of the community and decisions affecting their lives

SHD Sustainability-meeting needs today without reducing economic, social and environmental resources for the future. Sustainable Human Development= Health + Human Development+ Sustainability

Exam Question 1.Describe the interrelationship that exists between health, human development and sustainability in achieving sustainable human development. 2. Briefly explain what is meant by Human Development. 3. Describe the Human Development Index.