Age of Exploration UNIT ONE

Why? the European Age of Exploration Began Europeans wanted spices and other goods from Asia. Problem: Ottoman Turks controlled the Black Sea. Solution: Find a new trade route to Asia.

Who went exploring? Portugal Spain France England Netherlands Big Five: Portugal Spain France England Netherlands

Europe

First out of the gate Portugal was first to send out explorers. Why? France and England were at war with each other. Spain was at war with the Muslims.

Results of exploration PROS Increased riches for the home countries. New items for trade. New land to populate. Cultural spreading/sharing Religion Christianity was spread (voluntarily and by force). CONS Slave trade increased. Jealously and in-fighting between countries. Spain versus England After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, everyone challenged Spain for territory in the New World. Indigenous people infected with foreign diseases. Indigenous people lost lands and treated as minorities.

Mercantilism was born The idea of mercantilism was developed. Gain power by building up gold, silver and colonies. Export > Import Develop colonies to support the parent country. Develop commerce (buying/selling large amounts of goods over long distances.

European explorers UNIT ONE

Portuguese Explorers Prince Henry aka Henry the Navigator Established a school for explorers Collected the best cartographers and sailors from around the world to help him explore. Explored African coastline and established trade with African kingdoms. Vasco da Gama First European to journey by sea to India (all-water route.) (accomplished what Columbus had set out to do). rounded the tip of Africa and went across the Indian Ocean. Pedro Alvares Cabral found Brazil

Spanish Explorers Christopher Columbus (Italian sailing for Spain) Tried to reach Asia by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean (failed) Never realized that he never made it to Asia or that he landed in a previously undiscovered area. Famous for finding the “New World” or the West Indies Ferdinand Magellan Sailed around South America (and discovered and named the Pacific Ocean). Strait of Magellan named for him. He was killed, but his crew successfully reached home to Spain and became the first to circumnavigate the globe.

Spanish Explorers Hernando Cortes discovered the Aztecs Francisco Pizarro discovered the Incas Vasco de Balboa Found Panama and the route to the Pacific Ocean

French Explorers Jacques Cartier Discovered the St. Lawrence River. Samuel Champlain Set up trade with New France (current day Quebec)

English explorers John Cabot Henry Hudson Sought a Northern route to Asia. Found Newfoundland and Nova Scotia Disappeared, never to be heard from again. Henry Hudson Sailed for the Netherlands Hudson River and Hudson Bay