Unit 2 Lesson 7 Biotechnology Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Biotechnology What is biotechnology? Unit 2 Lesson 7 Biotechnology Biotechnology What is biotechnology? Biotechnology is the use and application of living things and biological processes. In the past 40 years, new technologies have allowed scientists to directly change DNA. Biotechnology is not a new scientific field. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

What are some applications of biotechnology? Unit 2 Lesson 7 Biotechnology What are some applications of biotechnology? For thousands of years, humans have been using biotechnology to breed plants and animals, and to ferment foods using bacteria and yeast. Biotechnology processes fall into some broad categories. Some of the techniques of biotechnology include artificial selection, genetic engineering, and cloning. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

What are some applications of biotechnology? Unit 2 Lesson 7 Biotechnology What are some applications of biotechnology? For thousands of years, humans have carefully selected and bred plants and animals with desirable traits. Artificial selection is the process of selecting and breeding organisms that have certain desired traits. Artificial selection is also called selective breeding. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

What are some applications of biotechnology? Unit 2 Lesson 7 Biotechnology What are some applications of biotechnology? Breeders select for alleles, which are different versions of a gene. The alleles being selected must already be present in the population. People do not change DNA during artificial selection. Artificial selection causes certain alleles to become more common in a population. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

What are some applications of biotechnology? Unit 2 Lesson 7 Biotechnology What are some applications of biotechnology? New technology has made it possible to directly change the DNA of an organism. Genetic engineering is the process in which a piece of DNA is modified for use in research, medicine, agriculture, or industry. Scientists isolate and change a segment of DNA in an organism, or take a segment of DNA from one organism and transfer it to another. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

What are some applications of biotechnology? Unit 2 Lesson 7 Biotechnology What are some applications of biotechnology? A clone is an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to the one from which it was derived. Cloning can be used to make copies of segments of DNA found at crime scenes. Cloning is also used for genetic engineering. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

What are some applications of biotechnology? Unit 2 Lesson 7 Biotechnology What are some applications of biotechnology? In 1996, scientists cloned the DNA from one sheep’s body cell to produce a clone, which they named Dolly. The ability to clone a mammal raised many concerns about the future uses of cloning. It is important that people understand the science of genetics so we can make informed decisions about how the technology should be used. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Feel the Impact! How does biotechnology impact our world? Unit 2 Lesson 7 Biotechnology Feel the Impact! How does biotechnology impact our world? There are many ethical, legal, and social issues related to the ability to use and change living things. Biotechnology can impact both our society and our environment. We must decide how and when it is acceptable to use certain biotechnology. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

How does biotechnology impact our world? Unit 2 Lesson 7 Biotechnology How does biotechnology impact our world? How do you feel about the following applications of biotechnology? changing the DNA of mosquitoes so they cannot spread malaria cloning an endangered species of animal such as the gaur modifying corn and soybean DNA to make them resistant to plant-eating insects Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company