Metals and Non-metals

Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids

Metals

What are some of the properties of metals? Shiny solids (except for Hg) Good conductors of heat and electricity Many metals are hard, with high melting points Malleable – can be hammered into shapes Ductile – can be drawn into wires Low ionization energy Large atomic radius compared to non-metals

Metals and the Periodic Table Metallic character increases down groups More energy levels, more effective shielding of outer electrons Lower ionization energy – greater metallic character Most elements (80) are metals Metallic character decreases across periods Electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus; it takes more energy to remove an electron

What Makes an Element a Metal? Metals tend to have extra electrons in their s or d subshells These valence electrons are easily lost – their ionization energies are relatively low Heavy elements in the p block (Sn, Pb, Bi) are also metals because their valence electrons are well shielded by the electrons in lower periods.

Metals on the Periodic Table

Non Metals

Properties of Non-Metals There are 10 elements that have 2-5 electrons in their p subshell that are considered non-metals. Non-metals tend to be gases or soft, brittle molecular solids, with low melting and boiling points These elements tend to gain electrons from metals, or share electrons with non-metals to complete their valence shell.

Metalloids (Semimetals)

13 14 15 16 17 2  B C N O F 3  Al* Si P S Cl 4  Ga Ge As Se Br 5  In Sn Sb Te I 6  Tl Pb Bi Po* At*

Metalloids on your Periodic Table

Properties of Metalloids Metalloids have properties of both metals and non metals They have some ability to conduct electricity (semi-conductors) Many have a dull metallic luster Tend to be brittle, like non-metals

Noble Gases Group 18

Properties of the Noble Gases Group 18 elements all have a filled p sublevel He, Ne, and Ar do not make compounds They are all monoatomic gases at STP Kr, Xe, and Rn make compounds with O and F

Metal or Non-Metal? Metal/non-metal Large atomic radius Usually forms negative ions High electronegativity Poor ability to attract electrons Ionic radius is smaller than atomic radius High ionization energy Forms covalent bonds Tends to lose electrons easily The element with atomic number of one A neutral atom of this one has a nuclear charge of 26 Sodium Xe

Metal, Metalloid or Non-Metal? A gas at STP Doesn't form any compounds at all Atomic number of 15 Commonly forms ions with a +3 charge When it gains electrons, its radius increases Always shares electrons Conducts electricity in pure form A brittle solid Has mobile valence electrons when oxidation number is zero Shiny and malleable Low melting point (below zero celsius) Makes hydrogen bubbles when added to acid Diatomic element In Lewis diagrams, the two electrons are always between the atoms

Metal Metalloid, or Non-Metal? Has one electron in its outermost valence shell Has five electrons in its outermost p sublevel Has the electron configuration 2-8-2 Has the electron configuration 2-7 Has the electron configuration 2-8-5 Has the electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 Forms +3 ions with the electron configuration 2-8 Its 6 valence electrons are in the 3p sublevel

Metal, Metalloid, or Non-Metal? Brittle, shiny solid with some ability to conduct electricity It has 4 valence electrons in the 3rd energy level Has the electron configuration [Ar] 4s23d104p2 Can gain or lose electrons easily