PREDICTORS OF LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS GC University, Faisalabad Dr.Khuda Bakhsh Professor GC University, Faisalabad 1st Social Sciences Conference 2015 Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, November 4-5, 2015

INTRODUCTION Leading is one of the basic management functions, which has attracted the attention of many experts worldwide. In a school setting, leadership is a process by which an individual (Principal) influences, controls and coordinated the activities of others (teachers) to achieve the desired results. A School Principal is one of the most important and influential personnel in the process of education. His vision and practices have a significant effect on school success, school climate and student achievement. Educational research in the area of School management has been dominated by the study of the principal as leader. The accomplishment of a school and even whether or not it achieves its goals can be determined by principal effectiveness as leader .

Leadership is simply the art or process of influencing, directing, controlling and coordinating the activities of other people in an organization towards the achievement of goals of the organization. Leadership which derives its strength from willingness of others to follow is the art of inducing or influencing others to work willingly with zeal towards the achievement of goals Leadership effectiveness is the extent to which the leader attains the goals expected of the organization as well as satisfies, motivates and encouraged his subordinates.

A principal’s leadership effectiveness is the quality of his leadership practices as perceived by teachers. The concept of leadership effectiveness remained elusive because it may be predicted by certain variables such as personal traits or attributes of the leader. The research in education is saturated with seeing the principal as team leader. He must display certain competencies and personal traits to make his leadership more effective.

Statement of the problem The main statement of the problem is ‘how well certain personality traits taken as predictors contribute to the leadership effectiveness of the principals’. Considering the research problem, the following research questions were raised to be answered. What is the individual contribution of principal’s vigilance to his leadership effectiveness? What is the individual contribution of principal’s integrity to his What is the individual contribution of principal’s self confidence to his leadership effectiveness? What is the individual contribution of principal’s diligence to his leadership effectiveness? What is the individual contribution of principal’s humor orientation to his leadership effectiveness? What is the accumulative contribution of all the five determinants taken together to the leadership effectiveness?

Research Methodology A sample of fourteen hundreds senior most teachers of one hundred colleges participated in the study. The researcher developed a questionnaire to measure the personality traits and leadership effectiveness of the principals was measured by LPI (Leadership Practices Inventory). The collected data was entered into SPSS for data analysis. The strength of the each predictor of the principal effectiveness was found using regression analysis.

Results Table 1. Individual contribution of ‘ Vigilance’ to Principal’s Leadership Effectiveness Table 2. Individual contribution of ‘ Integrity’ R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .714 .509 .512 5.765 R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .498 .248 .251 5.152

Individual contribution of ‘Self-Confidence’ to his Effectiveness Table 3. Individual contribution of ‘Self-Confidence’ to his Effectiveness Table 4. Individual contribution of Principal’s Diligence to his leadership Effectiveness R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .572 .327 .329 5.278 R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .412 .169 .158 6.052

Table 5. Individual contribution of ‘Humor Orientation Tables 1 to 5 show the results of linear regression analysis of the five selected variables with the principal effectiveness. Principal’s vigilance was found to be dominant predictor contributing 50 % to his leadership effectiveness Parallel to it good sense of humor, self confidence, integrity and diligence well determined the leadership with certain predictive powers (R²) as 36 %, 32 %, 24 % and 16 % respectively R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .605 .366 .365 5.011 .

(ii) Multiple Regression Analysis of the FIVE predictors with the Leadership Effectiveness Table 6. Joint contribution (cumulative effect of the all variables on the dependent variable) Table 6 depicts that the joint influence of the five determinants is about sixty five percent to the principal’s leadership effectiveness. I t means there may be other predictors of the leadership to be explored/replicated in the future research on principal effectiveness. R R² Adjusted R Square Standard Error of the Estimate .807 .651 .655 5.512  

Conclusions It was concluded with the results of data analysis that Principal’s vigilance is a strong predictor of leadership followed by his humor orientation, self confidence, integrity and diligence. All of the FIVE predictors well determined the leadership with significant predictive powers (R²). The joint contribution of all the five predictors taken together was 65 percent to the variance of leadership effectiveness. It implies that there may be other determinants of leadership effectiveness to be investigated on the same lines.

RECOMMENDATIONS On the basis of findings, the followings recommendations were made: The principal should be vigilant as always in a state of readiness to detect specific events well in time. For the purpose he is always awake and alert to detect and ease the situation positively. The principal should be honest, undivided having strong moral values. The principal should make constant, earnest and painstaking efforts to accomplish what is undertaken. The principal should possess a realistic and objective faith in his own judgment, ability, boldness, self-esteem and powers. The principal should enjoy good sense of humor so the teachers feel at ease in his presence .

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