INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

Instructional Equipment Operations

Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Explain the meaning of instructional equipment Describe the nature of instructional equipment Enumerate some instructional equipment hardware and software Outline the xteristics of various instructional equipment Apply the principles of cost analysis in production of packages Discuss copyright laws in relation to media use

Meaning of Instructional Equipment Different electronic media gadgets that can be used to In everyday teaching and learning situation, they provide both teaching and learning support technical support Instruct Mediate Communicate Inform

Instructional Equipment Digital technologies or electronic devices that are capable of mediating in the process instruction in teaching and learning Video Machines Television monitors and CCTV VCD, DVD players Computers Interactive Boards Projectors Public Address Systems Audio Players and Recorders I-Clickers

Nature of Instructional Equipment

Nature of Instructional Equipment Gadgets in their solid state are HARDWARES Television Video Players Computers SOFTWARES are required for hardwares to function Video Cassetes Compact Discs SD cards and flash drives Television and Radio programmes

Nature of Instructional Equipment Software can be locally sourced or factory produced Hardware can be mobile or fixed Some media equipment require battery or electricity supply to function Hence, the use of certain equipment is limited to certain environment with available source of power

The Over Head Projector

Operating Procedure for OHP Connect power cable to the wall socket for electricity supply Put on the switch Place the prepared transparency (SOFTWARE) on the stage glass/platen Adjust the knob to give accurate focus of image/lettering on the acetate film/transparency The teacher is expected to back the screen while he uses hand to place/indicate /remove transparencies placed on the platen.

The Slide Projector Electrical powered direct projection system Functions like OHP Uses 2inches slides instead of transparencies of OHP The slides fits into the slide holder of the projector Slides are manually loaded sequentially into the tray The slides can either be produced or purchased as ready-made The carousel can carry between 150 to 250 slides

Operating Procedure for Slide Projector Connect the power cable to electricity source Place the slides in the holder(carousel) Put on the switch Adjust the elevation knob to place the image on the screen Adjust the focus knob to zoom the image for sharpness The teacher controls the movement of the slides through remote control

Film-Strip Projector Uses strip instead of 2x2inches slide of Slide Projector Strips are long chains of slides attached together Can be synchronised with audio to appear like a movie

Film-Strip Projector Operations Connect power cable to source of power Put on the switch Install film on the strip- carrier and ensure it is fitted in the sprocket Adjust the elevation and focus knobs

Multimedia Projector Recieves digital signals from hardwares such as computers and Videoplayers Recieves signal from flashdrives and other external harddrives also Project images as Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Portable but delicate to handle Can project in original colours

Multimedia Projector Operations Connect power cable to the socket for power suppy Connect appropriate cable from the computer or any other transmitting device HDMI cable VGA cable Ensure the screen is set Switch on the projector Adjust the image projected for sharpness using appropriate knobs and buttons

Video Machines Connect the camera to power source/ Connect appropriate battery to the device Place cassette/memory card in its compartment Mount on tripod if available Switch on the gadget Focus on the object/scene Adjust the lens and zoom to get sharp image Press the record button or tab on LCD screen to record Press the same button to stop recording.

Still Pictures Camera

VCR, VCD and DVD Players VCR – Video Cassete Recorder VCD – Video Compact Disc DVD – Digital Video Disc

VCR, VCD and DVD Players Operations Connect power cable to the socket for power suppy Connect appropriate cable from the Television or other monitor device e.g Projector Switch the device on and press eject button to open cassete/disk compartment Place the cassete/disk in its compartment Switch the monitor or television on Adjust the speed and video size with buttons and knobs on the player

Television Have capability to receive both sound and visual signals from: Players Close circuit system Cameras Television stations Computers Have inbuilt screen and speaker to produce sound and vision simultaneously Connect device to source of power Connect appropriate cables and antennae where necessary Switch on the TV set to receive the signal from the player/station or CCTV system

Computers

Computers Physically simple hardware but functionally complex machine Has ability to receive different types of inputs, process, store and release outputs for different purposes Very useful in teaching and learning Record keeping CAI, CAD and CMI Research works via the internet Etc

Copyright Laws in relation to media use Guidelines set to protect instructional material and media producers from pirates (illegal usage and duplication) Exclusive to creative productions Creative productions require extensive use of imagination to produce original works Producers must obtain copyright ownership on their works to claim the originality Copyright is a form of protection provided by the law to the authors of “original works of authorship.”

Advantages of Instructional Equipment for teaching and Learning Most are easy to operate Most of the softwares are readily available or can be easily produced Easy to use for large groups/classes Presents instructions to students in real colours Students can be taught using both Audio and Visual signals They can be easily stored and maintained They are durable and have considerable lifespan

Limitations to use of Instructional Equipment Most are powered by electricity. Thus, irregularity in power supply hinders the usage The equipments are relatively expensive to purchase Some projectors require a darkroom to function very well And others. (add your own)

Other instructional gadgets and equip