كلية العلوم الصحية بالليث جامعة أم القرى كلية العلوم الصحية بالليث قسم الصحة العامة

OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture Students should understand: 1-the concept of disease control. 2-the concept of disease prevention. 3-the four levels of disease prevention.

CONCEPT OF DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

The ultimate goal of public health is to improve health and prevent spread of disease. If disease can not be prevented or avoided, then disease prevention will focus on reducing its impact. This is usually done on individual or community by early diagnosis and treatment or otherwise by rehabilitation.

Concept of disease control:- Disease control are on going processes aiming at reducing :- -The incidence of disease . -Duration of disease and risk of transmission. -Physical and psychological effect of infection . -The financial burden to the community.

Control activities are focusing on four levels of disease prevention : Levels of prevention:- 1-Primordial prevention 2-Primary prevention 3-Secondary prevention 4-Tertiary prevention

1-Primordial prevention -It is directed towards prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors in countries or populations in which they have not yet appeared. -E.g. discouraging children from adopting harmful lifestyles as smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse, lack of physical exercise and over nutrition(obesity)…..etc

2-Primary prevention -The purpose of primary prevention is to prevent disease and injury before they occure.It is applied either to individual or community. -Examples of that :- immunization, environmental activities as vector control, adding chlorine to drinking water to prevent water-borne diseases, wearing seat belts to prevent injury and death from road traffic accidents, clean air& proper ventilation. -Also through raising community awareness through health education& health promotion to adopt healthy lifestyles so as to prevent CHD and lung cancer…..etc

3-Secondary prevention :- -Secondary prevention aims at early diagnosis and treatment of patients(in early pathogenesis phase) to stop the progress of a disease and prevent disease complications. -Examples of secondary preventive measures are screening programs and case finding (at PHCC) to detect early cases of infectious diseases or chronic diseases as diabetes, hypertension,kidney,heart and eye diseases so as to prevent late complication.

4-Tertiary prevention :- -Tertiary prevention (i.e. intervention in late pathogenesis phase) is aiming at reducing the progress of disabilities and impairment. It is a rehabilitation process for patients to take part in social daily life. That is, in order to prevent social, physical and functional disabilities. e.g. patients with poliomyelitis, strokes ,injuries ,blindness…..etc.

Thank You