Chapters 3-5, Book 4A New Welcome to English Second Edition Comparatives & Superlatives

 John is tall. He is taller than Cindy.Comparatives  Comparison of a qualitybetween two people or things  Cindy is short. She is shorter than John. Cindy John e.g.

Comparatives: Short adjectives Short adjectives... Spelling rules Examples Usually Ending in a consonant + y double the consonant + er hungry  hungrier happy  happier funny  funnier Ending in a vowel + a consonant big  bigger fat  fatter fit  fitter + er slow  slower fast  faster tall  taller Ending in -e + r large  larger nice  nicer –y  -i + er

Now you try. 1 hot  2 fit  3 long  4 weak  5 ugly  6 slow  7 heavy  8 large  hotter fitter longer weaker uglier slower heavier larger e.g. empty  emptier

 Remember  Comparatives  Comparatives are used in sentences with than. Peter Henry Jim An apple taller heavier fitter smaller Mary. Simon. Henry. a melon. than is verbcomparative (adjective + er)than

elephant bird large  small  The elephant is larger than the bird.  The bird is smaller than the elephant. Comparatives

e.g. The boy’s pear is the girl’s.Practice pear: small  big ham: thin  thick 1 The girl’s pear is the boy’s. smaller than 2The girl’s ham the boy’s. bigger than 3 the girl’s. is thicker than The boy’s ham is thinner than

Long adjectives Examples Comparatives: Long adjectives  Use the word more to make the comparative form. Most two-syllable adjectives which do not end in -y Mary is more polite than Cindy. Tom is more helpful than Peter. Candy is more hard-working than Maggie. Joe is more good-looking than Tom. All adjectives of three syllables or more

 The panda looks more friendly than the tiger.  The tiger looks more fierce than the panda. panda friendly  fierce tiger Comparatives: Long adjectives

Now you try. 1 polite  2 careful  3 naughty  4 beautiful  5 hard-working  6 good-looking  e.g. helpful  busy  more helpful busier more polite more careful naughtier more beautiful more hard-working more good-looking

Practice 1 A hippo is than a rabbit. 2 A rabbit. larger is smaller than a hippo large  small 3 Mary is eating quietly. Beeno is eating noisily. Mary is Beeno. more polite than polite 4 Ann is 33 kg. Ben is 35 kg. Ann is Ben. Ben is Ann. lighter than heavy  light heavier than

Practice 5 Sally always helps at home. Charlie never helps at home. Sally is Charlie. more helpful than helpful 6 Ann is 150 cm. Ben is 137 cm. Ann is Ben. Ben is Ann. taller than tall  short shorter than 7 Tom is laughing. Betty is crying. Tom is Betty. happier than happy

 Comparison of a quality among three or more people / things  The watermelon is the heaviest fruit.  The pineapple is the lightest fruit. heavy  light 2 kg 15 kg 7 kg pineapple watermelon melonSuperlatives

 Always use the before superlatives. The elephant The shark The giraffe the biggest animal the largest fish the tallest animal in the jungle. in the sea. in the world. is  Remember  thesuperlative (adjective + est)noun Superlatives: Short adjectives

Short adjectives Spelling rules Examples Usually + est slow  the slowest fast  the fastest tall  the tallest Ending in -e + st large  the largest nice  the nicest Ending in a consonant + y Ending in a vowel + a consonant –y  -i + est double the consonant + est hung r y  the hungriest hap p y  the happiest fun n y  the funniest bi g  the big g est fa t  the fat t est fi t  the fit t est

e.g. dry  the driest young  the youngest 1 big  2 busy  3 fine  4kind  5high  6 funny  the biggest the busiest the finest the kindest the highest the funniest Now you try.

 Use the + most before long adjectives to make the superlative form.  The melon is the most expensive fruit. $ 5 $ 10 $ 30 expensive mango melon coconut Superlatives: Long adjectives

TomCandy Joe cheerful  unhappy  Tom is the most cheerful child.  Joe is the most unhappy child. Superlatives

Comparatives & Superlatives Adjective ComparativeSuperlative Adjective ComparativeSuperlative good  Some adjectives have special forms. better the best bad worse the worst e.g. Pauline is a good student. Mary is a better student than her. Cherry is the best student in her class. Cherry

Now you try. e.g. big  bigger  the biggest fat  fatter  the fattest 1 hot  2 long  3 short  4 heavy  5 strong  6 hungry  hotter  the hottest longer  the longest shorter  the shortest heavier  the heaviest stronger  the strongest hungrier  the hungriest

7bad  8 good  9 polite  10 hard-working  11 helpful  12 beautiful  Now you try. worse  the worst better  the best more polite  the most polite more hard- working  the most hard-working more helpful  the most helpful more beautiful  the most beautiful

1 Maggie is girl in class. (tall) Maggie 2 Timmy is than Bob. (strong) Bob is than Timmy. (weak) TimmyBob the tallest stronger weaker Practice

more expensive cheaper $ 350 suitcase handbag 3 The suitcase is than the handbag. (expensive) The handbag is than the suitcase. (cheap) $ 5 $ 10 $ 20 4 The pineapple is the fruit. (expensive) The strawberry is the fruit. (cheap) most expensive cheapest Practice

6 Ann is 33 kg. Ben is 35 kg. Mary is 30 kg. Ben is child. Mary is child. the heaviest heavy  light the lightestPractice good better good 5 Ann has 90 marks. Pam has 95 marks. Alice has 100 marks. Ann is a student. Pam is a student. Alice is student in her class. the best