Big in Brazil Miguel Ángel López Latin American Studies

Brazil

Portugal - Spain

Treaties Treaty of Alcáçovas 1479 Portugal: Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde Castilla: Canary Islands 1481 Portugal: South Canary Islands  Africa Inter caetera 1493Pope Alexander VI Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 World: Western part exclusive to Spain and the east part to Portugal. Treaty of Zaragoza 1529Asia

Treaty of Tordesillas

Tordesillas

Portugal- Vasco da Gama

Portuguese Empire

Spanish Empire ( + Iberian Union )

King Manuel I of Portugal. An expedition to India. 13 ships left on March 9, 1500, following the route of Vasco da Gama. On April 22, 1500, he sighted land (Brazil), claiming it for Portugal and naming it the "Island of the True Cross.“ Brazil (pau brasil) Cabral stayed in Brazil for 10 days and then continued on his way to India

Pedro Álvares Cabral

Pedro Álvares Cabral

Pau Brasil (Brazilwood)

Slavery

SUGAR CANE Portuguese cultivate sugar on the east coast of Brazil. Growing number of sugar plantations demanded more workers. Amerindian population had become smaller. Labor shortage  import slaves from Africa into Brazil to work on the plantations.

Maroons  QUILOMBOS Maroons = escaped slaves Formed communities like those they were forced to leave in Africa  Quilombos Famous one: Palmares ( 1/2 1600)  fought off several attempts by Portuguese and Dutch colonizers to destroy it. eIXDbz2_Qhttp:// eIXDbz2_Q FILM 8lP-yg04U&feature=relatedhttp:// 8lP-yg04U&feature=related BAHIA

Tiradentes ( ) Tiradentes ( ) José Joaquim da Silva Xavier

Branqueamento Brazil  one of the last countries to end the slave trade and slavery. The Brazilian economy depended on African slave labor. 1850: Brazil abolished the trade in slaves in : All slaves in Brazil were set free. Racial discrimination. Branqueamento = Whitening  to make the people of Brazil more white, and less black. Brazil did not allow non-Europeans into the country. Cultural branqueamento.

Decline of the sugar industry in the 17th century  Portuguese colonizers operating on the coast of Brazil go inland  they found gold and diamonds Photo: Sebastiao Salgado, 1986 Gold Mine of Serra Pelada, Federal State of Para.

Cattle & Coffee

ECONOMY, PERIODS A case: Soybean 1. timber (Pau Brasil) in the first years of colonization 2. sugarcane in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 3. precious metals (gold) and gems (diamonds) in the eighteenth century; 4. coffee and cattle in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 5. land rich in natural resources  principally iron ore, bauxite, manganese, nickel, uranium, gold, gemstones, oil, and timber.

Rubber soldiers

Getulio Vargas - Juscelino Kubitschek - Luiz Inácio ”Lula” da Silva In 1889 Brazil became a Republic and introduced a new Constitution. The first 30 years were marked by the politics of “Coffee with Milk”, a reference to the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo (respectively producers of dairy and coffee), which took turns governing Brazil. In 1930, led by Getúlio Vargas, the country embarked on a new industrial and urban development model. Basic human rights and workers’ rights were implemented  The New State From 1960, Juscelino Kubitschek made good on his campaign promise to build a brand new capital, Brasilia, and achieve “50 years of development in 5 years”

QUEREMISMO  “Love as a principle and order as the basis; progress as the goal“ (Auguste Compte)

Juscelino Kubitschek BRASILIA

Brasilia - Oscar Niemeyer

João Goulart Reformas de Base Strong state intervention in the economy. Education reform: Paulo Freire method (Sorrettujen pedagogiikka, Pedagogia do oprimido, Pedagogy of the Oppressed). Prohibited the operation of private schools. 15% of the income produced in Brazil would be directed to education. Tax reform: control of profits transfer by multinational companies with headquarters abroad  the profit should be reinvested in Brazil. Income tax would be proportional to personal profit. Land reform: properties larger than 600 hectares would be expropriated and redistributed to the population by the government. Urban reform: people could own only a single house. Those who had more than one urban property would have to donate them or sell their properties at low prices.

Military government

MST story (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem- Terra, MST). The backbone of their movement is land occupation. Today, 47 percent of Brazil's land is owned by just 1 percent of the population, making the country's land distribution the second most unequal in the world. As a result, a class of four and a half million people are left on the verge of starvation, without land of their own.

List_of_compositions_by_Heitor_Villa-Lobos: V-L: Chôros Julian Brea- Choro 1 Andrés Segovia - Villa-Lobos - Preludio Nro.1 Bidu Sayão - Bachiana nº 5 – Cantilena Karita Mattila: Aria from Bachianas Brasileiras no. 5 JOAN BAEZ ~ Bachianas Brasileiras No 5 Aria

Pais Tropical - Sergio Mendes & Brasil '77 (1971) Moro num país tropical abençoado por Deus e bonito por natureza. Em fevereiro, tem carnaval, e tenho um fusca e um violão. Sou flamengo e tenho uma nega chamada Tereza Sambaby, Sambaby posso não ser um band leader, pois é. Mas lá em casa todos issos tipos me respeitam, pois é. E essa é a razão da simpatia, do poder, e da alegria.

LULA DA SILVA DILMA ROUSSEFF

Dilma Rousseff Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária Palmares (VAR Palmares) -no-lula-brazils-next-best-thing.html

Brazilian politics (1) Relations are generally difficult between the executive and the legislature + federal and state governments. Brazil is a federal republic with 26 states and a federal district Tradition of switching parties Workers' Party (PT-center-left) Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB-center-left) Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB-center) Democrats (DEM-center-right) Green Party (PV-left) Socialism and Freedom Party (Psol-left) Brazilian Labor Party (PTB-center-right) Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB-left) Democratic Labor Party (PDT-left) Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB-left)

Brazilian politics (2) Lula: difficult balancing between promoting business and making progress on social issues. Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento, or PAC (“Growth acceleration programme”) of public investment  PAC manager: Dilma Rousseff Tight fiscal policies. Export promotion is a main component in plans to generate growth and reduce vulnerability to international financial market fluctuations  Access to foreign markets through trade negotiations and increased export promotion as well as government financing for exports. Control of corruption improving but is still an ongoing concern  increased transparency and willingness to prosecute  various corruption scandals by his PT and allies.

Violence in Brazil is criminal rather than political? Favelas: Rocinha

Key: Br45il

CULTURE “Culture is a dynamic process of solving human problems and dilemmas in areas of human relationships, time, and nature.” Fons Trompenaars “A collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the member of one human group from another” G.H. Hofstede “Culture is a rich complex of meanings, beliefs, practices, symbols, norms and values prevalent among people in a society” Shalom Schwartz “Culture is how things are done around here.” John Mole

Edward T. Hall was an anthropologist who made early discoveries of key cultural factors. In particular he is known for his high and low context cultural factors. High context In a high-context culture, there are many contextual elements that help people to understand the rules. As a result, much is taken for granted. This can be very confusing for person who does not understand the 'unwritten rules' of the culture. Low context In a low-context culture, very little is taken for granted. Whilst this means that more explanation is needed, it also means there is less chance of misunderstanding particularly when visitors are present.

Openness of messages Many covert and implicit messages, with use of metaphor and reading between the lines. Many overt and explicit messages that are simple and clear. Use of non-verbal communication Much nonverbal communication and body language. More focus on verbal communication Cohesion and group significance Strong distinction between ingroup and outgroup. Strong sense on family Flexible and open grouping patterns, changes when needed. Relationship vs task Relationship more important than task  amigo. Task more important. Conception of time Open, flexible, present oriented, process more important that product. POLYCHRONIC Linear time, well organized, product more important than process. MONOCHRONIC

TIME TIME EDWARD T. HALL Open, flexible, present oriented, process more important that product. POLYCHRONIC Linear time, well organized, product more important than process. MONOCHRONIC FONS TROMPENAAR: Time as synchronisation  events in parallel, synchronised together. Finds order in coordination of multiple factors. Time as sequence  events as separate items, sequence one after the other. Order in actions that are one after the other. GEERT HOFSTEDE: Long- versus Short-term Orientation (LTO)  focuses on to what extent the group invests for the future, is persevering, and is patient in waiting for results.

GEER HOFSTEDE GEER HOFSTEDE: Cultural dimensions ( scale 1 to 100 ) Source: Power Power Distance (PD or PDI). It is the extent to which less powerful members expect and accept unequal power distribution. High PD cultures usually have centralized, top-down control. Low power distance implies greater equality and empowerment. Self Individualism versus Collectivism (ID or IDV). In an individual environment the individual person and their rights are more important than groups that they may belong to. In a collective environment, people are born into strong extended family or tribal communities, and these loyalties are paramount. Gender Masculinity versus Femininity (MAS). It focuses on the degree to which “traditional” gender roles are assigned in a culture; i.e., men are considered aggressive and competitive, while women are expected to be more gentle and be concerned with home and family. Predictability Uncertainty Avoidance (UA or UAI). It defines the extent to which a culture values predictability. Society’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity Time Long versus Short term Orientation (LTO)

Brazil & Finland Brazil & Finland Source:

Brazil & Japan Source:

Brazil & France Source:

Brazil & Germany Source:

Brazil & USA Source:

Finland & Germany Source:

Finland & Sweden Source:

Finland & France Source:

Greetings “Olá, prazer em conhecê-lo” (Hello. Nice to meet you). Kiss, hug or shake hands? Everything will do: kisses, hugs, taps. Leave shaking hands only to formal situations.  High context, polychronic, high haptics

Greetings

 Tourism Rio de Janeiro, aerial view:  10 tips  Ronaldinho-10 Ronaldinho - Mi favorito: Gestures: Tourism, tips, gestures Tourism, tips, gestures

Manaus

AMAZON AMAZON

Amazon, Manaus, Tourism By plane: Long (arrival) Short (departure) Swimming Videoblog, tourist, interesting, long

BRASIL UE-Brasil

 Fordlândia Rubber Jungle (this movie) Rubber Jungle (this movie) The Burning Season (Hollywood)

The Sambadrome (Sambódromo)

Samba Dance - Learn how to dance samba Samba Dance - Learn how to dance samba

Each Samba School represents a different neighborhood or a social club. A competition among the schools: on music, lyrics, themes, choreography and costumes. Plan: starts at the end of the previous Carnival. Thousands of workers. A theme is chosen + music + costumes + floats + choreography. Rehearsals in December. By Christmas, the sambas are recorded and released to record shops. Parade show: in a strict span of time (65 to 85 minutes). Competition: judged by more than 40 judges spread along the avenue who allocate points according to specific criteria. Criteria.

Videos: Brazilian Carnaval - Rio de Janeiro - Reportage Brazilian Carnaval - Rio de Janeiro - Reportage Sergio Mendes - Vem magalenha (Lyrics)

Brazilian Literature (1) Deeply concerned with the development of a Brazilian national identity and culture, Brazilian literature can be divided into two major periods: colonial and national. Brazilian colonial literature largely focused on historical and geographical issues, often telling stories of the Portuguese conquest, the wars fought by various native peoples, and the explorations of the Brazilian interior in epic narratives. Many Jesuit missionaries also contributed to the body of Brazilian writing. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the city of Bahia formed the epicenter of Brazilian culture and literature, followed by a shift to Minas Gerais, a mining town. Literary activities of the period continued to center around epic stories narrating events such as the war with Spain and other Portuguese conquests. Although colonial subjects continued to be a significant part of Brazilian literary activity in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there was simultaneous development of writing that was concerned with more nationalistic subjects.

Brazilian Literature (2) In the late-nineteenth century, becoming more concerned with local and nationalist themes. Other novelists and writers, such as José de Alencar, continued this trend, exploring native Indian themes in works such as O Guarani (1857; The Guarani Indian). With the works of novelist Mario de Andrade, Brazilian literature moved from the realm of Romanticism and Naturalism, with its focus on social and realistic themes, to experiments in language and folklore. Andrade's only novel, Macunaíma: o Herói sem nenhum caráter (1928) is often cited as a major example of linguistic experimental literature. In the twentieth century, authors such as Jorge Amado and Clarice Lispector, as well as a variety of others, continued the focus on Brazilian history and culture in their works. One of the most enduring themes of Brazilian literature has been the issue of national identity Impact of the political and social scene in Brazil on its writers and artists. The next major change in the Brazilian literary scene occurred in the 1930s, following the Brazilian Revolution of Once again, scholars have pointed out the close link between the literature of Brazil and the political climate of the nation. Conflict between the country's colonial and European past and the emerging sense of nationalism, the struggle between modernism and technology versus the traditionally powerful sectors of the country, and the imbalance of power between society and state, all affected the literature produced during this time. These years also marked the beginning of the modernist movement in Brazil.

Brazilian Literature (3) Brazilian Literature (3) Modernist writing in Brazil is characterized by a break from traditional forms of writing, and is reflective of the struggle between the cosmopolitanism of pre- revolutionary Brazil and the culturally and nationally conscious Brazil following the revolution. This tension is reflected in the works of such authors as Carlos Drummond de Andrade. The modernist movement was given even further impetus by President Vargas's call to Brazilian intellectuals to integrate and address issues of everyday reality in their works and thus participate actively in the act of nation- building. By the mid-1940s, Brazilian modernism was being slowly replaced by a new generation of poets and writers. Today the language is reflective of the self-recognition and apprehension many of these writers feel as they articulate a feminine perspective on life in Brazilian society. Similarly, old paradigms of slavery and oppression are being replaced with a new sense of multicultural identity in the writings of Afro-Brazilian authors. Even during the early twentieth century, when writers such as Amado began presenting positive images of blacks in their writing, black characters were highly stereotypical. Not until the 1980s did Brazilian literature begin portraying blacks as an integral, vital, and positive part of society.

Euclides da Cunha Sertão (Backcountry-”the end of the world”) Os Sertões- Rebellion in the Backlands (1902) Themes: The land, the man, the fight. Journalist, reporter style, novel. Social criticism. Main character: Antônio Conselheiro ”Anthony the Counselor” The literature of the north-east.

Jorge Amado ( ) 1978 Bahia Latin american boom Jubiabá (1935) Modernism (= no realism) Magic realism = blends magical or fantastical elements with reality

Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands “Heated passions, conjugal harmony, the rhythms of the samba, and the delectable joys of cooking” “Caught up in the pandemonium of carnival, the roguish and irresponsible Vadinho dos Guimaraes dies during a parade, leaving behind his long suffering wife, the irrepressible Dona Flor. As a widow, Flor devotes herself to her cooking school and an assortment of interfering but well-meaning friends who urge her to remarry. The lonely widow finds herself attracted to Dr. Teodoro Madureria, a kind, considerate pharmacist, who is everything the reckless Vadinho was not. Yet after their marriage, though content, Flor longs for her first husband's amorous, and exhausting, sensual pleasures. And Flor's desirous longing is so powerful that it brings the ghost of Vadinho back from the grave--right into her bed.” (WP, Amazon)

Os Gêmeos

TOM14, from Brazil, en Barcelona: The Twins/Os Gêmeos (music russian 30 sec, in Portuguese)

MARX

ela.shtml +Telenovelahttp:// +Telenovela  examples, themes.

Besouro (2009) 2009 Based on the life of a legendary capoeira fighter from Bahia, "Besouro" spins a fantastic tale of a young Brazilian man of African descent in search of his mission. Director: João Daniel Tikhomiroff Writers: João Daniel TikhomiroffJoão Daniel Tikhomiroff, Patrícia AndradePatrícia Andrade Stars: Aílton CarmoAílton Carmo, Ânderson Santos de Jesus and Jéssica BarbosaÂnderson Santos de JesusJéssica Barbosa Source: IMDB

Obama/Latin America (March, 2011) Reaching out to Latin America (25 minutes) Obama Hails Democracy, Social Progress in Brazil (4 min) The Economist: _and_latin_america

Joe Carioca José Carioca - Zé Carioca

"A cordialidade...a lhaneza no trato, a hospitalidade, a generosidade, virtudes tão gabadas por estrangeiros que nos visitam, representam com efeito um traço definitivo do caráter brasileiro..." “The friendliness... The openness, the hospitality, the generosity are all virtues so vaunted by foreigners who visit us, that they, in effect, represent a definitive feature of the Brazilian character” Sérgio Buarque de Holanda - Raízes do Brasil, 1936

Brazilians are mostly descendants of colonial and post-colonial Portuguese settlers and immigrants, African slaves and Brazil’s indigenous peoples, along with several other groups of immigrants who arrived in Brazil mostly from the 1820s until the 1970s. Most of the immigrants were Italians and Portuguese, but also significant numbers of Germans, Spaniards, Japanese, and Lebanese and Syrians. Brazilians

Family

It is important to work closely with local lawyers and accountants. Many people have found the services of local middlemen (despachante) extremely useful.

Meetings

POSITIONING STRATEGIES  A MIXTURE OF LOW COST AND DIFFERENTIATION  QUALITY OBSERVED  FIRMS PREFER SALES TO CHANNELS & INTERMEDIATES  CONSUMER PRODUCTS ARE TARGETED TO ALL ETHNICS GROUPS

Doing Business

Yes, we can!

Rules/Ethics:"Pode-E-Não-Pode"

Working and Business Hours Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner Use of Phone, Fax & Authority, Status and Decision Makers Time and Punctuality Language Dress Code Greeting Protocols Women in Business Meeting Formats Negotiating in Brazil Talking Business

NEGOTIATIONS & MANAGEMENT Respect and courtesy Tolerance Identify problems Cultural taboos Know the Law Simplify language Be flexible

Knowledge

Capoeira 3c8 3c8 Lqg Lqg Q1Q Q1Q

CAPITAL INICIAL: NXZero - "Espero A Minha Vez" - Videoclipe Oficial. NX Zero - SÓ REZO - Clipe Oficial (HD) FRESNO: Alguém que te faz sorrir (2007-8) (Nokia) FRESNO (2010) CD-Revanche (Fresno -2010)