Philip AJ Matt

Diabetes Mellitus Also called simply Diabetes, is a disease characterized by high blood glucose(Hyperglycemia) resulting from inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas.

Prediabetes A condition in those who have impaired glucose fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or both.

Type 1 Caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin as a result of failure of the B-cells in the pancreas. Also termed Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus(IDDM). 5-10% of all cases of Diabetes

Type 2 The result of the ineffectiveness of insulin to facilitate the transport of glucose into cells and is a result of insulin resistance. Also termed non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) Accounts for 90-95% of all cases of diabetes.

Symptoms of those at risk for diabetes Type 1Type 2 Frequent Urination.Any of the type 1 symptoms. Excessive or unusual thirst.Frequent infections. Unusual, unexplained weight loss.Blurred vision or sudden vision changes. Extreme hunger.Tingling or numbness in hands or feet. Extreme fatigue and irritability.Cuts, bruises, or sores that are slow to heal. Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections.

Prevalence of the disease 29 million people in the United States (9.3 percent) have diabetes.1.7 million people aged 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in An estimated 5.7 million people likely have diabetes and have not been diagnosed.

Health problems linked to diabetes Coronary artery or Heart disease Cerebrovascular disease and stroke Hypertension Peripheral vascular disease Kidney disease Nervous system disease Eye disorders, including blindness Dental disease Amputations and complications during pregnancy

General treatment for diabetes Type 1 The major modes of treatment for type 1 diabetes are insulin administration, diet, and exercise. Type 2 The focus has traditionally been on three factors: weight loss, diet, and exercise. Recently within the last 20 years drugs have been making leaps toward a cure for type 2 Sulfonylureas, to lower blood sugar levels, and Biguanides, to reduce hepatic glucose production.

Role of Physical activity in Diabetes Type 1 For these people, exercise can lead to excessive swings in plasma glucose levels that are unacceptable for the management of the disease. Exercise training can improve glycemic control in some patients that are less prone to hypoglycemia. Because these patients are 2 to 3 times at greater risk for coronary artery disease, exercise may help lower the risk.

Role of Physical activity in Diabetes Type 2 Acute bouts of exercise decrease insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity. This reduces the cells need for insulin, which means that people taking insulin have to reduce their dosage. Some evidence suggests that combining resistance and aerobic exercise is the optimal exercise strategy for reducing insulin resistance. Some studies have shown that the effect of strenuous exercise listed above dissipates in 72 hours.