Chapter 23 Section 4 Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

Warm Up 10/4/16 How do you react when you lose and it looks like all hope is lost? It could be a sporting event, a school test, running for office, or any other similar event.

Class Assignment Define all vocabulary for Chapter 23 Sect 4 Read Chapter 23 Section 4 After each red section stop reading and take notes on that section (facts). Complete this until the section is finished. Summarize the section in a 20 word gist. 102 points Page 668

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Setting the Stage Napoleon wanted son to succeed him. He divorced Josephine and married Marie Louise, the grandniece of Marie Antoinette. She gave birth to a son in 1811, named Napoleon II. Napoleon made him king of Rome.

Napoleon’ Costly Mistakes Napoleon made three mistakes: 1. He set up a blockade, called the Continental System, preventing all trade and communication with Great Britain. ◦Purpose was to hurt Britain and make Europe more self- sufficient. ◦Did not work because of leaks in blockade, even by Napoleon’s own brother, Louis, King of Holland. ◦Counter blockade by Britain was even more successful in keeping other goods out of Europe. ◦This started War of 1812 with U.S.

2. Peninsular War with Spain ◦In 1808 he sent troops to get Portugal to accept the Continental System. Spanish people protested. ◦Napoleon removed king of Spani and replaced him with his brother Joseph. ◦Spanish fought French for 6 years in a guerilla war. ◦Called Peninsular War because Spain and Portugal lie on the Iberian Peninsula. ◦Germans and Italians also turned against the French.

3. In June, 1812, Napoleon decided to invade Russia, because Russia was selling grain to Britain and had eyes on Poland, as did French. ◦Took 420,000 soldiers. ◦Encountered scorched-earth policy, which involved burning grain fields and slaughtering livestock so French troops would have nothing to eat while advancing. ◦Napoleon entered Moscow to find it had been burned to the ground. Alexander I had destroyed the “holy city” rather than surrender it to the French. ◦Napoleon stayed till October, when he decided to return to France. ◦His army was mercilessly attacked as it retreated. He returned with only 10,000 soldiers as a result of battles, cold, and hunger.

Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow

Napoleon’s Downfall Most European powers now declared war on a weak France. Napoleon raised another army in three months, but they were poorly trained. Met European forces at Battle of Leipzig in Germany in October of Allied forces easily defeated Napoleon and pushed steadily toward Paris. Napoleon’s generals refused to fight on. In April of 1814 he surrendered and gave up his throne. He was banished to the tiny island of Elba off the Italian coast. Allies expected no further trouble from Napoleon.

Louis XVI’s brother assumed the throne as Louis XVIII (king Louis’ son Louis XVII had died in prison). New king was unpopular because of wanting to undo some of the revolutions reforms. Napoleon knew this and escaped from Elba. On March 1, 1815, he landed in France to a resounding welcome. European allies responded quickly. Led by the Duke of Wellington, they met for battle near Waterloo in Belgium. On June 18, 1815 Napoleon attacked.

Battle of Waterloo

British and Prussian forces teamed up to defeat Napoleon’s forces and chased them from the field. This ended Napoleon’s final Hundred Days. This time Napoleon was shipped to Saint Helena Island in the South Atlantic, where he lived for six years writing his memoirs. In 1821 he died of a stomach ailment, probably cancer.

Napoleon’s Death Mask tm_source=facebook&utm_campaign=162 86&utm_term=H1MMF0VHEB9T84V0

Timeline Create a timeline of Napoleon’s Rise and Fall Use at least 12 events to chronologically depict his accomplishments that made him Emperor of France, then the mistakes that eventually led to his Fall DateEvent 1769Born on Island of Corsica 1821Died on St. Helena Island due to stomach ailment