A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital technology to control appliances at consumers' homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency. A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital technology to control appliances at consumers' homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency.

Self healing Self healing Empower and incorporate the consumer Empower and incorporate the consumer Tolerant of attack Tolerant of attack Provides power quality needed by 21 st century consumers Provides power quality needed by 21 st century consumers Accommodates a wide variety of generation options (like green energy) Accommodates a wide variety of generation options (like green energy) Fully enables maturing electricity markets Fully enables maturing electricity markets

 VARIABLE TARIFF-BASED LOAD  ENERGY USAGE MONITORING AND FEEDBACK  REAL-TIME PORTFOLIO IMBALANCE REDUCTION  OFFERING RESERVE CAPACITY TO THE TSO  DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONGESTION MANAGEMENT  DISTRIBUTION GRID CELL ISLANDING IN CASE OF HIGHER- SYSTEM INSTABILITY  BLACK START SUPPORT FROM SMART HOUSES  INTEGRATION OF FORECASTING TECHNIQUES

Independent processors in each component at each sub- station and power plant Independent processors in each component at each sub- station and power plant Sensors are connected to all other components in the system Sensors are connected to all other components in the system Own state and of all other components are known and communicated Own state and of all other components are known and communicated

On addition of new devices to the system device parameters are automatically updated The new component also has a built-in processor

TYPICAL BLACK-OUT SEQUENCE a sudden outage of major lines occurs a sudden outage of major lines occurs further outage due to overload leaves the system imbalanced further outage due to overload leaves the system imbalanced frequency declines with large generation load imbalance frequency declines with large generation load imbalance generation is taken off-line generation is taken off-line island blacks out island blacks out long time taken to restore power long time taken to restore power

emergency imposed on the system frequency & load/generation imbalance is determined and total outage is prevented

Distribution system needs many changes to come in sync with requirements for the implementation of smart grid DESIRED OPTIMISATIONS DEMAND OPTIMISATION DEMAND OPTIMISATION DELIVERY OPTIMIZATION DELIVERY OPTIMIZATION ASSET OPTIMIZATION ASSET OPTIMIZATION RENEWABLES OPTIMIZATION RENEWABLES OPTIMIZATION

Refers to monitoring, control & communication functions Refers to monitoring, control & communication functions Important aspects of DA are in areas of protection and switching Important aspects of DA are in areas of protection and switching Helps in quickly reconfigure interconnected network of feeders Helps in quickly reconfigure interconnected network of feeders FEATURES OF DA Can detect fault current and voltages Can detect fault current and voltages Can help in self-healing of the grid Can help in self-healing of the grid Can communicate with one another Can communicate with one another

PROCESS OF DA  DATA COLLECTION  DATA VALIDATION  ESTABLISH WEATHER SENSITIVITY  DATA CATEGORIZATION  CALIBRATION

Residential, Small Office & commercial building sector responsible for over 50% of total electricity consumption Residential, Small Office & commercial building sector responsible for over 50% of total electricity consumption Homes, offices and commercial buildings treated as an interconnected network instead of single units Homes, offices and commercial buildings treated as an interconnected network instead of single units Able to communicate, interact & negotiate with both customers & energy devices in local grid Able to communicate, interact & negotiate with both customers & energy devices in local grid Grid operated more efficiently as consumption is better predicted Grid operated more efficiently as consumption is better predicted

FEATURES OF SMART HOME  MICROGENERATION  SMART METERS  LOCAL STORAGE UNITS

A communication technique to automatically collect the meter readings & other relevant data from meters A communication technique to automatically collect the meter readings & other relevant data from meters AMR has benefits beyond meter reading AMR has benefits beyond meter reading It provides crucial data on an insight into other areas of operation It provides crucial data on an insight into other areas of operation PROCESS OF AMR DATA RETRIVAL DATA RETRIVAL COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES RF BASED COMMUNICATION RF BASED COMMUNICATION TELEPHONE BASED COMMUNICATION TELEPHONE BASED COMMUNICATION

SMARTER METER SMARTER METER SECURITY ISSUES SECURITY ISSUES DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS 1. FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND ALARM PROCESSING FUNCTION 2. FAULT LOCATION FUNCTION 3. SERVICE RESTORATION FUNCTION SMARTER METER SMARTER METER

THANK YOU