7-2.3,4 Vocabulary 1. Social Contract 2. Natural Rights 3. Separation of Powers 4. Checks and Balances 5. Parliament 6. Royalist 7. New Model Army 8. Constitution 9. Positive Constitution 10. Negative Constitution

Social Contract An agreement between citizens and their ruler

Natural rights Rights belonging to all humans from birth- John Locke’s idea

Separation of Powers Division of power among the branches of government- Montesquieu’s idea

Checks and Balances Ability of the three branches to limit and control each other.

Parliament Law-making group in England, part of a limited government

Royalist Supporters of King Charles in the English Civil War

New Model Army Oliver Cromwell’s army that went against the King in the English Civil War

Constitution Plan of government

Positive constitution A constitution that tells what the government can do

Negative Constitution A constitution that tells what the government cannot do

The Enlightenment Standard 7-2.3

1. Time of Thinkers A. During the 1600s and 1700s, many Europeans turned to reason instead of faith to explain the universe. B. They wanted to find a natural law that could be understood through science and logic. C. This time period came to be known as the Age of Enlightenment.

2. John Locke A. Social Contract – men give up some of their rights for the order government provides. B. Government exists because people allow it to exist. C. People have the right to overthrow poor government and replace it with another. D. Men born with Natural Rights 1.Life, 2.Liberty 3.Property E. Influenced American Leaders

3. Baron de Montesquieu A.He outlined a government with 3 branches. A.Executive – monarch B.Legislative – parliament C.Judicial - courts B.He thought there should be checks and balances on power. C.He favored a Limited government like England. D. US Constitution modeled off of his ideas.

4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau A. Rousseau agreed with Locke on that good government was based on a social contract. B. He thought society was corrupt and the role of the government was to protect the people. C. Society was more important than the individual, majority over minority. D. Government's job was to give the people what they wanted.

5. Voltaire A. Focused on Civil Liberties 1. Freedom of Speech 2. Freedom of Religion B. Interested in the rights of the citizen C. Separation of Church and State

6. American Revolution A. Diplomats such as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson lived in France and were inspired to revolt. B. The ideas were used to form the foundation of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, which provided the framework for American Democracy.

7. Constitution A. Constitutions can be written or unwritten A. Written – Ex. The US Constitution B. Unwritten – Ex. Great Britain B. Constitutions can be Positive or negative A. Positive – Says what the government can do B. Negative – Says what the government can’t do. (American Constitution)

Review Locke Life Liberty Property Social Contract Gov Exists because people let it Montesquieu 3 branches US Government Model

England’s Civil War – 7-2.4

1. Magna Carta A. In 1215 the English king signed the Magna Carta which established the idea of limited government.

2. Civil War A. In 1628 Parliament enacted the Petition of Rights which King Charles I ignores. B. By 1646 Parliament wins complete control of the government. C. Charles I is tried and executed. D. Oliver Cromwell sets up a commonwealth.

3. The Restoration A. In 1647 Charles II was invited to come back to England and become king. B. This return of the Monarchy is called the Restoration. C. After Charles II died, James II, a Catholic took over!

4. Glorious Revolution A. William of Orange, ruler of the Netherlands, and his wife, Mary are asked to be rulers of England. B. When they enter England it is called a bloodless invasion called the Glorious Revolution.

5. English Bill of Rights 1689 A. Parliament requires William III and Mary II to sign the English Bill of Rights on B. England is now ruled by limited monarchies!

6. Significance A. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 was the first binding document to significantly limit a leader’s power. B. Other countries would model their revolutions after the British.