DNA 7

What do you know about DNA?

Where is DNA located? 3, 8, & 9 Prokaryote Cytoplasm Eukaryote Nucleus (1/2 DNA from male & 1/2 DNA from female) Mitochondria (100% of DNA from female)

Chromosomes 3 & 7 "DNA package" unwinds during cell division 23 chromosome pairs in humans

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) 1 Wikipedia DNA Wikipedia DNA Genetic instructions for all living things. DNA is a double helix DNA has a "-" charge

Discovery of DNA 5 Erwin Chargaff Observed in living organisms: % of Guanine = % of Cytosine % of Adenine= % of Thymine Erwin Chargaff Video

Discovery of DNA 5 Rosalind Franklin Passed x-rays through DNA & discovered the 3 dimensions shape of DNA Rosalind Franklin Video

Discovery of DNA Watson & Crick Took previous discoveries about DNA and put the information together to create an accurate model of DNA. Putting all the pieces together Watson & Crick Video

DNA Structure 1 Backbone Deoxyribose (Sugar) Phosphate Ladder Nucleotides o Adenine (A) o Thymine (T) o Guanine (G) o Cytosine (C)

Genome 2 & 3 Nucleotide sequence in each living organisms Human= ~ 3 Billion Bases

Gene 6 segment of DNA that codes for protein

DNA Replication

Bibliography 1. "DNA." Wikipedia Web.29 Jun "What is DNA?." Genetics Home Reference US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. Web.29 Jun "Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)." National Human Genome Research Institute National Institute of Health. Web.29 Jun "Student Guide: DNA Structure DNA Simluation Kit." Carolina Biological Supply Company 1-2. Print. 5. "DNA Interactive." Discovering the DNA Structure and beyond. 28April Jun "Gene.png." ITU. 26NOV2006. ITU. 30 Jun "Biology Corner." Biology Corner.com. 10JUN2008. Biology Corner. 30 Jun "Prokaryote Cell.gif." The Simple Homeschool.com. 13MAR2009. The Simple Homeschool.com. 30 Jun "Diagram Human Cell Nucleus." Wikipedia. 29OCT2008. Wikipedia. 30 Jun 2009.

Building DNA 4 Key for DNA Model White Bead= Deoxyribose sugar Red Bead= Phosphate Group Orange Bead= Adenine (A) Green Bead= Guanine (G) Blue Bead= Cytosine (C) Yellow Beads= Thymine (T) Clear Connectors= Hydrogen Bonds

Protocol for DNA isolation from fruit 1. Place the fruit in the Ziploc bag. 2. Add a pinch of salt to the Ziploc bag. 3. Add 2mL of soap to the Ziploc bag. 4. Remove the air from the Ziploc Bag. 5. Seal the Ziploc bag. 6. Smash the fruit with fingers. 7. Place a glass vial into the rack. 8. Place funnel into the glass vial. 9. Place cheese cloth into the funnel. 10. Pour the contents of the Ziploc bag into the coffee filter. 11. Allow the solution to filter for 1 minute.

Protocol for DNA isolation from fruit continued 12. Remove funnel and coffee filter from test tube. 13. Add 15-20mL of ice-cold alcohol to the test tube by SLOWLY pipeting the alcohol down the side of the tube. 14. A clear layer of ethanol should form on top of the filtrate. 15. When ethanol is added to the mixture, all the components of the mixture except for DNA stay in solution, while the DNA precipitates out. 16. Let the tube sit for 3-5 minutes without disturbing it. Bubbles will form and DNA will precipitate out of solution.

Protocol for DNA isolation from fruit continued The DNA becomes visible as white strings in the ethanol layer. 18. Spool DNA by snagging it with a Pasteur pipette with a hook bent into the tip. 19. The DNA will look stringy and have small bubbles attached to it. It will be a clear, “snotty” substance, and may be hard to see. Congratulations you have extracted DNA! 20. Put a small amount of the DNA on a slide. Add a drop of methylene blue. Put on a cover slip and observe under a microscope.

Protocol for Cheek Cell DNA Isolation 1. Fill a paper cup about half full of water. 2. Take the water & violently swish the water in mouth, making sure to rub tongue along their cheeks for 30 seconds. 3. Carefully spit the water mixture back into the plastic cup. 4. Pour spit into a glass vial until is about half full. 5. Add 10 drops of the Soap Solution & one pinch of salt 7. Place the cap back on the test tube, gently rocking the tube back and forth. 8. Continue to gently rock back and forth for 1 to 2 minutes 9. Add enough Cold, Ethyl Alcohol, to almost fill the test tube 10. After This DO NOT tip, shake, or mix the Test Tube. 11. If you look to the line of separation between the two layers, or the interface, you will start to see bubbles attached with tiny hair like white strings. 12. Using a stir rod, spool the DNA slowly until it is completely removed from the test tube.