The Native American Experience (Pre-Columbus) America’s History Chapter 1 p. 2-18

Essential Question Describe Native American life in N. America before European exploration. (think about the similarities and differences in social, political and economic structure of native populations based on their region). Essential Question: Describe Native American life in N. America before European exploration. (think about the similarities and differences in social, political and economic structure of native populations based on their region). Chapter 1- p Date Describe Native American life in N. America before European exploration. Essential Question: Describe Native American life in N. America before European exploration. The Native American Experience The First Americans Key fact/idea #1 Key fact/idea #2 American Empires Key fact/idea #1 Key fact/idea #2 Chapter and Page # Date Essential Question Begin reading notes

The First Americans

American Empires Pre- 1492, North and South America were dominated by native populations: Aztecs Incas The Aztecs (in Central America) & Incas (in South America) created large, powerful empires These empires were destroyed by the arrival of Spanish conquistadors

Chiefdoms and Confederacies many diverse cultures more than two thousand different languages. Complex societies with alliances and enemies, just like the Europeans. One example is the Iroquois Confederacy. The Confederacy was formed in 1722 and remained strong until the American Revolution in 1776!

Chiefdoms and Confederacies Culture and structure of societies was often determined by the environment each group inhabited. Mississippi Valley (Southeast) Example: Choctaw, Cherokee, Cahokia Built extensive burial mounds Agricultural civilizations (cultivation of maize) Overhunting may have caused them to migrate

Chiefdoms and Confederacies Before Columbus’ discovered America in 1492, North America was dominated Native Americans: Eastern Woodlands (Northeast) Tribe examples: Iroquois, Powhatan Chiefdom Small farming communities where men hunted First contacts with British settlers in Virginia & Massachusetts

Chiefdoms and Confederacies Before Columbus’ discovered America in 1492, North America was dominated Native Americans: Great Lakes Tribe examples: Ojibwa, Potawatomi very mobile- travel far to hunt, fish or trade. Complex social identity without specifically marked territories.

Chiefdoms and Confederacies Before Columbus’ discovered America in 1492, North America was dominated Native Americans: Great Plains (Central North) Tribe examples: Sioux, Comanche Hunter-Gatherers Became mobile hunters after the Spanish introduced the horse

Chiefdoms and Confederacies Before Columbus’ discovered America in 1492, North America was dominated Native Americans: The Arid Southwest Tribe examples: Navajo, Hopi, Apache Large farming settlements (maize) Developed irrigation systems- water scarce Pueblo culture (Hopi)- refers to building/pottery style

Chiefdoms and Confederacies Before Columbus’ discovered America in 1492, North America was dominated Native Americans: Pacific Northwest Tribe examples: Tlingit, Chinook Hunters and gatherers Distinct cultures and languages Tlingit Chinook

Hunting/Fishing/Trade- Hunter-Gatherer- Farming/Agriculture- Great Lakes, Eastern Woodlands Pacific Northwest, Great Plains Southwest, Mississippi Valley/Southeast

Patterns of Trade Trade advanced societies (specialization) Southern plains (Navajo) traded hides and mead for pottery, maize and cotton blankets with Pueblo (Hopi) farmers.

Sacred Power and Beliefs Animists: spiritual belief that centers on natural world and pays homage to spirits Matriarchal societies: power/social status passed through female lines of authority

Hunting/Fishing/Trade- Hunter-Gatherer- Farming/Agriculture- Great Lakes, Eastern Woodlands Pacific Northwest, Great Plains Southwest, Eastern Woodlands, Mississippi Valley/Southeast What conclusions can we make from this information? How can we answer the essential question? Describe Native American life in N. America before European exploration.

Essential Question Describe Native American life in N. America before European exploration. (think about the similarities and differences in social, political and economic structure of native populations based on their region). Essential Question: Describe Native American life in N. America before European exploration. (think about the similarities and differences in social, political and economic structure of native populations based on their region). Lecture Notes p Date Describe Native American life in N. America before European exploration. Essential Question: Describe Native American life in N. America before European exploration. The Native American Experience The First Americans Key fact/idea #1 Key fact/idea #2 American Empires Key fact/idea #1 Key fact/idea #2 Summary: Answer essential question. Include examples, events or details to show knowledge and understanding.