CONVENTION & DESTINATION MARKETING Prepared by Yooshik Yoon, Kyunghee University

3. Travel Motivation, Benefits and Constraints to Destinations

Introduction What’s the motivation of travellers? ① The analyst to be mindful that other travellers may not be driven by the same social, cultural and biological needs as the observer. ② The issue of scale or the specificity of the motivation question.

Background Tourist motivation is the total network of biological and cultural forces that give value and direction to travel choice, behaviour and experience. Contemporary tourism permits individuals some freedom to choose how to spend their time/money Expectation will satisfy our motives.

Sources of Travel Motivation Concepts An understanding of tourist motivation has benefited from adapting ideas from these information. ① Serving to characterize the style and contribution of these travel commentators. ② The more earnest and complex contribution residing within the discipline of psychology. ③ Much more familiar to destination managers. - The work of government statisticians - The reports of commercial consultants

Specific Tourist motivation Theories Plog’s theory ‘good’ motivation theory Push/pull factors theory Dann and Crompton theory Travel career patterns theory

TCP (the Travel Career Patterns) Outer Layer Motives Isolation (away from crowds) Romance (Having romantic relationships) Nostalgia (Reflecting On memories) Autonomy (Obligated to no-one) Stimulation (Daring experiences) Social Status (Experiencing fashionable places) Middle layer motives (extrinsic) Self-development through host-site Involvement (meeting locals) Core motives Novelty (fun, difference) Escape/Relax (away from routine, Resting) Relationships (with family/friends) Self-actualization (new life perspective) Self-enhancement (skills, mastery) Middle layer motives (intrinsic) Kinship (being with Considerate, Respectful Of others) Nature (harmony And appreciation)

The first issue to be considered is accounting for a postmodern perspective on tourist behaviour and experience. -By Urry(1990); The diversity and complexity of contemporary tourism permits travellers to choose among many alternative experiences. The activity of classifying tourists’ experiences represents a second issue of relevance to tourist motivation. - Tourist types; recreational, diversionary, experimental, experiential and existential. Additional Contemporary Considerations

A further substantial consideration relating to travel motivation lies in considering the constraints that prevent the execution of people’s stated needs. - Poor health and emerging financial limitations tend to depress travel, while the time available to travel expands. - External influence lies in the power of the travellers immediate social circle. ① The cost of holidays does indeed vary, and while it is a decisive concern. ② At a more generic level of interest. Additional Contemporary Considerations

Employing Travel Motivation Concepts Destination characteristics How much would you like to do this activity/experience in this destination How important is this activity/experience will meet your key needs?

Employing Travel Motivation Concepts Most destinations have a priori categories of traveller types that they seek to attract.

Conclusions True travel motivation is a push factor, a patterned summary of the social, cultural and biological forces driving travel behaviour. Good theories require a dynamic, multi-motive, measurable and integrative approach. The ideas from travel motivation theories can be used in the contexts of destination selection and on- site destination management, but further application lies in adding insights to the broad analysis of the evolution of tourism and leisure in contemporary society.